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Withholding tax: EU Council agrees on new FASTER rules

May 14, 2024 , , ,
money, euro, finance
The EU moves forward with its reform of international taxation. Photo by Ralphs_Fotos on Pixabay

Brussels, 14 May 2024

The Council today reached an agreement (general approach) on safer and faster procedures to obtain double taxation relief, which will help boost cross-border investment and help fight tax abuse.

The so-called FASTER initiative aims to make withholding tax procedures in the EU safer and more efficient for cross-border investors, national tax authorities and financial intermediaries, such as banks or investment platforms.

Aligning our tax relief procedures is essential if we want to improve the functioning of the capital markets union. I’m glad we have found an agreement on this important proposal, which will also help to fight tax fraud much more efficiently. It will make investing in other countries easier and hopefully encourage retail investors in particular to invest on European financial markets, which will eventually benefit the whole economy.

Belgian minister of finance

Double taxation

Currently, where cross-border investments are concerned, many member states levy taxes on dividends (from equities and shares) and interests (on bonds) paid to investors who live abroad. At the same time, those investors have to pay income tax in their country of residence on the same income.

Although treaties between member states aim to solve the issue of double taxation, in reality the procedures to claim withholding tax relief vary considerably from one member states to another, which results in relief or refund procedures being lengthy, costly and cumbersome. These procedures  can also be vulnerable to large-scale tax fraud.

The withholding tax initiative will make tax relief procedures faster, simpler and, at the same time, safer.

Common tax residence certificate

The directive will introduce a common EU digital tax residence certificate (eTRC) that tax paying investors would be able to use in order to benefit from the fast-track procedures to obtain relief from withholding taxes.

Member states will provide an automated process to issue digital tax residence certificates (eTRC) to a natural person or entity deemed resident in their jurisdiction for tax purposes.

Fast-track procedures

The directive allows member states to have two fast-track procedures complementing the existing standard refund procedure for withholding taxes. This will make relief and refund processes faster and more closely harmonised across the EU.

Member states will have to use one or both of the following systems:

  • a “relief-at-source” procedure where the relevant tax rate is applied at the time of payment of dividends or interest
  • a “quick refund” system where the reimbursement of overpaid withholding tax is granted within a set deadline

The Council agreed that member states must apply the fast-track procedures if they provide relief from excess withholding tax on dividends paid for publicly traded shares.

Member states will have an option to maintain their current  procedures, and not apply Chapter III of the Directive, if:

  • they provide a comprehensive relief-at-source system applicable to the excess withholding tax on dividends paid for publicly traded shares issued by a resident in their jurisdiction and their market capitalisation ratio is below a threshold of 1,5% (as reported by ESMA). Neverhteless, if this ratio is exceeded for four consecutive years, all rules foreseen by the Directive will become irrevocably applicable. In such cases member states will have five years to transpose the rules of the Directive into national law. These features take into account the size of the financial markets of Member States, while also recognising that some Member States maintain national systems that are adequate for their current market conditions.
  • they provide relief from excess withholding tax on interest paid for publicly traded bonds

The Council also introduced in the text additional circumstances in which member states may exclude, completely or partially, requests for withholding tax relief from the fast-track procedures, in order to perform further checks, with a view to preventing fraud.

The Council added provisions to the text regarding indirect investments for cases where the investor does not invest directly insecurities but through a collective investment undertaking.

These provisions ensure that legitimate investors such as certain collective investment undertakings or their investors have access to the fast-track procedures.

Under the new rules, certified financial intermediaries requesting relief on behalf of a registered owner will need to carry out due diligence regarding the registered owner’s eligibility to benefit from tax relief.

Standardised reporting for financial intermediaries

The directive will set a standardised reporting obligation for financial intermediaries (like banks or investment platforms). This will make it easier for national tax authorities to detect potential tax fraud or abuse.

Member states will establish national registers where large (and optionally smaller) financial intermediaries will have to register to be certified. In order to simplify this registration procedure, the Council agreed to create a European Certified Financial Intermediary Portal.

This portal will act as a central dedicated website where the national registers will be accessible.

Member states will retain the necessary discretion when it comes to registering and removing certified financial intermediaries in specific cases and to adopting measures that concern them.

Once registered the financial intermediaries will need to report the necessary information to the relevant tax authorities so that the transaction can be traced.

Member states will have the option of requesting more extensive reporting in relation to transactions with a view to detecting possible cases of tax abuse or fraud.

The Council added the possibility of indirect reporting in addition to direct reporting. Where the reporting is direct, a certified financial intermediary is to report directly to the competent authority of the source member state. Where the reporting is indirect, the information is to be provided by each of the certified financial intermediaries along the securities payment chain.

The Council agreed that penalties should be imposed by member states where obligations stemming from this directive are not complied with.

Background and next steps

The European Commission submitted a proposal for the FASTER directive on 19 June 2023.

This proposal is subject to a special legislative procedure, where the Council acts as a sole legislator. Within the Council unanimity is required. The European Parliament was consulted and it delivered its opinion on 28 February 2024. However, due to the changes the Council made in the Directive during the negotiations, the European Parliament will be consulted again on the agreed text.

The agreed text will go through a legal linguistic check and the directive will then need to be formally adopted by the Council before being published in the EU’s Official Journal and enter into force.

Member states will have to transpose the directive into national legislation by 31 December 2028, but the national rules will have to become applicable from 1 January 2030.

Visit the meeting page

 

FASTER initiative on withholding tax to boost cross-border investment and help fight tax fraud *

Brussels, 14 May 2024

The Commission welcomes the general approach announced by the Belgian Presidency of the EU Council on the Commission’s proposal for a Directive to make withholding tax procedures in the EU more efficient, secure and simplified for investors, financial intermediaries and Member State tax administrations. A key initiative to ensure fair taxation and reinforce the Capital Markets Union, this initiative will digitise tax relief procedures and bring more transparency.

The Council Directive includes several key actions:

  • A common EU digital tax residence certificate will make withholding tax relief procedures faster, more efficient with a greater degree of simplification overall. For example, investors with a diversified portfolio across the EU will need only one digital tax residence certificate to reclaim their refunds in any Member State. At present, most Member States still rely on paper-based procedures.
  • Two fast-track procedures complementing the existing standard refund procedure: a “relief at source” procedure and a “quick refund” system, which will make the relief process faster, simpler and more harmonised across the EU. Member States will be able to choose which one to use. Under the “relief at source” procedure, the applicable lower tax rate is directly applied at the time of payment of dividends or interest. Under the “quick refund” procedure, withholding taxes are applied, but refunds for any overpaid taxes must be granted within 60 days of the refund request. These standardised procedures will save investors an estimated €5.17 billion per year.
  • The creation of national registers for certified financial intermediaries and an EU certified financial intermediary portal: the portal will act as a single-entry point for the registration requests submitted by financial intermediaries and will provide information to the public on which financial intermediaries are certified in which Member State(s). Taxpayers investing in the EU through certified financial intermediaries registered on the portal will benefit from fast-track withholding tax procedures and avoid double taxation on dividend or interest payments.
  • Standardised reporting obligations will provide national tax administrations with the necessary information to check the eligibility of taxpayers for the reduced rate and detect potential abuse. Certified financial intermediaries (e.g., banks) will have to report data related to the payment of dividends or interest to the relevant tax administrations so that the latter can trace the payments from the company paying the dividends all the way to the ultimate investor.
Next steps

Following a re-consultation with the European Parliament, EU Finance Ministers are expected to adopt the proposal early 2025. Implementation work will start soon after adoption.

Background

In the case of cross-border investments, many Member States levy withholding taxes on dividends and on the interest from bonds paid to investors who live abroad. However, investors still must pay income tax in their country of residence for the same income and often need to submit a refund claim for excess tax paid. Currently, these refund procedures are often lengthy, costly, and cumbersome, causing frustration for investors and discouraging cross-border investment within and into the EU. Moreover, scandals like the Cum/Ex and Cum/Cum have shown that such refund procedures can be abused. For example, these types of fraud were estimated to have led to €150 billion in losses between the years 2000 and 2020 for a certain group of Member States. The action aims to address all these problems.

For more information

*Updated on 14 May 2024 at 19:36

Quote(s)

Today marks a big step forward in simplifying our tax system to facilitate cross-border investments, making it a major building block of the Capital Markets Union. It will reduce complexity, costs and make it easier and more secure to invest in other Member States. Our FASTER initiative will also ensure that investors are not taxed twice on dividends and interest payments when investing outside their own Member State. As we seek to stimulate greater investment in the EU for our overall competitiveness, we must make every effort to knock down barriers and tax plays a big part. We look forward to a smooth adoption process for FASTER following today’s General Approach.

Valdis Dombrovskis, Executive Vice-President for an Economy that Works for People

With today’s agreement on our FASTER initiative, we are closer to slotting into place another building block of the Capital Markets Union. Once implemented, it will mean quicker, more efficient and safer withholding tax procedures – benefiting investors, financial intermediaries and tax administrations alike. FASTER will encourage cross-border investment both within and into the EU, which is good news for the ability of our Union to grow and create quality jobs for our citizens.

Paolo Gentiloni, Commissioner for Economy

Source – EU Commission

 

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