Donnerstag, 7. September 2023
Urteil des Gerichtshofs in der Rechtssache C-216/21 Asociaţia “Forumul Judecătorilor din România”
Unabhängigkeit der Justiz in Rumänien
Der Verein „Forum der Richter Rumäniens“ beanstandet vor dem Berufungsgericht Ploiești eine im Zuge der Justizgesetze von 2018 vorgenommene Änderung des Verfahrens für die Beförderung von Richtern.
Vor der Änderung seien Beförderungen auf der Grundlage einer schriftlichen Prüfung erfolgt, die auf nationaler Ebene durchgeführt worden sei. Nunmehr sei vorgesehen, dass ein bei einem höheren Gericht gebildeter Prüfungsausschuss die Tätigkeit und das Verhalten der Bewerber während der letzten drei Jahre summarisch prüfe. Dieser Ausschuss setze sich aus dem Präsidenten des betreffenden Rechtsmittelgerichts und Richtern dieses Gerichts zusammen, die die Bewerber im Übrigen auch periodisch beurteilten und ihre Entscheidungen gerichtlich kontrollierten. Ein solches Beförderungssystem führe zur Entwicklung eines Richtertypus, der sich, um befördert zu werden, gehorsam verhalten müsse. Die individuelle richterliche Unabhängigkeit werde dadurch erheblich beeinträchtigt.
Das Berufungsgericht Ploiești möchte vom Gerichtshof wissen, ob die streitige Änderung des Beförderungsverfahrens für rumänische Richter gegen Unionsrecht und insbesondere gegen den unionsrechtlichen Grundsatz der richterlichen Unabhängigkeit verstößt.
Generalanwalt Emiliou hat das in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 16. Februar 2016 verneint (siehe Pressemitteilung Nr. 34/23).
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