Tuesday 10th September 2024
Sanctions against Russia: Judgment in Case C-351/22 Neves 77 Solutions
(External Relations – Common Foreign and Security Policy – Restrictive Measures Ukraine)
Neves 77 Solutions SRL (Neves), a Romanian company specialising in brokering aviation products, acted as an intermediary in a transaction between a Ukrainian company, SFTE Spetstechnoexport, and an Indian company for the sale of 32 radio stations, 20 of which were manufactured in Russia.
In July 2019, the Romanian authorities informed Neves that the brokerage activities related to these products were covered by the ban on providing intermediation services related to military equipment to an operator in Russia, adopted by the European Union in response to Russia’s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine (Council Decision 2014/512/CFSP and successive amendments).
In August 2019, Neves received nearly €3 million from SFTE for the provision of its intermediation services. In May 2020, the Romanian authorities fined Neves 30,000 lei (approximately €6,000) and confiscated the entire amount it had received from SFTE on the grounds that the provision of its brokerage services was in breach of the aforementioned prohibition.
The Bucharest District Court asked the Court of Justice whether that prohibition applied to a situation where the equipment concerned had never been imported into the European Union and whether the penalties imposed for breach of that prohibition were compatible with the property rights of the undertaking concerned.
Dienstag, 10. September 2024
Urteil des Gerichtshofs (Große Kammer) in der Rechtssache C‑351/22 Neves 77 Solutions
Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik
Das rumänische Unternehmen Neves 77 Solutions verpflichtete sich Anfang 2019 vertraglich gegenüber einem ukrainischen Staatsunternehmen, in Russland hergestellte Funkstationen in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zu liefern, von wo aus sie letztlich nach Indien gelangen sollten.
Nach einer Teillieferung teilte die rumänische Abteilung für Ausfuhrkontrolle Neves 77 Solutions mit, dass das fragliche Modell unter die Liste der Militärgüter falle, die der Außenhandelskontrolle unterlägen. Zudem falle es in den Anwendungsbereich des Beschlusses 2014/512/GASP des Rates der EU über restriktive Maßnahmen angesichts der Handlungen Russlands, die die Lage in der Ukraine destabilisieren.
Neves 77 Solutions hielt dem u.a. entgegen, dass die in Rede stehenden Funkstationen für die zivile Luftfahrt bestimmt seien.
Die nationale Steuerverwaltung stellte jedoch fest, dass Neves 77 Solutions eine Ordnungswidrigkeit begangen habe. Sie verhängte gegen das Unternehmen eine Geldbuße und zog den Kaufpreis in Höhe von fast 3 Mio. Euro ein, den es für die Teillieferung erhalten hatte.
Neves 77 Solutions hat diesen Bescheid vor den rumänischen Gerichten angefochten. Das Landgericht Bukarest hat den Gerichtshof um Auslegung des Ratsbeschlusses 2014/512/GASP ersucht. Es möchte wissen, ob die Einziehung der Erlöse aus einem unter den Beschluss fallenden Geschäft zulässig ist.
Generalanwältin Ćapeta hat in ihren Schlussanträgen vom 23. November 2023 die Ansicht vertreten, dass der Gerichtshof nicht dafür zuständig sei,
allgemeine Bestimmungen einer Maßnahme der Gemeinsamen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik der Europäischen Union nur zu dem Zweck auszulegen, ihre Bedeutung zu klären. Er dürfe allerdings die Grundrechte und Grundsätze der Union auslegen, um eine Beurteilung der Rechtmäßigkeit nationaler Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung der Gemeinsamen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik der Union zu ermöglichen (siehe Pressemittteilung Nr. 180/23).
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