Thursday 5th September
Judgment in Joined Cases C-498/22, C-499/22 and C-500/22 Novo Banco and Others
(Freedom of establishment – Consumer protection)
In August 2014, the Bank of Portugal adopted measures to resolve the Portuguese credit institution Banco Espíritu Santo SA (BES), which was experiencing serious financial difficulties. This led to the creation of the bridge bank Novo Banco.
The assets, liabilities and other non-current assets of BES were transferred to Novo Banco. However, certain liabilities were excluded from this transfer and remained with BES.
In October 2014, the Bank of Spain published information on the partial transfer of the activities of BES to Novo Banco as regards Spain. It was stated that Novo Banco would continue the ordinary activities of BES without interruption and that this measure was deemed to be a reorganisation measure within the meaning of Directive 2001/24/EC on the reorganisation and winding-up of credit institutions.
In December 2015, the Bank of Portugal adopted two decisions to amend and clarify its decision of August 2014 in relation to BES liabilities that had not been transferred to Novo Banco.
A number of customers of Novo Banco’s Spanish branch considered that Novo Banco assumed liabilities relating to various contracts for financial products and services that they had previously entered into with BES Spain.
Faced with Novo Banco’s refusal to assume these responsibilities, the customers initiated legal proceedings.
In this context, the Spanish Supreme Court has doubts about the obligation of the Spanish courts to recognise the effects of the reorganisation measures adopted by the Bank of Portugal, as these measures were not subject to the publication provided for in the mentioned EU Directive.
The Spanish Supreme Court asked the Court of Justice for guidance as to interpret Directive 2001/24/EC as well as Council Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts, read in the light of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and of the principles of legal certainty and the protection of legitimate expectations to clarify the impact of those reorganisation measures on various contracts for financial products and services.
Donnerstag, 5. September 2024
Urteil des Gerichtshofs in den verbundenen Rechtssachen C‑498/22, C‑499/22 und C‑500/22 Novo Banco u. a.
Abwicklung der portugiesischen Banco Espírito Santo – Auswirkungen auf Kunden in Spanien
2014 erließ die portugiesische Zentralbank Maßnahmen zur Abwicklung der portugiesischen Banco Espírito Santo (BES), die sich in ernsthaften finanziellen Schwierigkeiten befand. Zugleich gründete sie eine Brückenbank – Novo Banco -, auf die bestimmte Vermögenswerte und Verbindlichkeiten der BES übertragen wurden. Zu Novo Banco gehört auch eine Zweigniederlassung in Spanien (Novo Banco Spanien), die Rechtsnachfolgerin der spanischen Zweigniederlassung von BES (BES Spanien) wurde.
Verschiedene Kunden von BES Spanien bzw. Novo Banco Spanien haben letztere vor den spanischen Gerichten verklagt, und zwar auf Rückzahlung von Beträgen aus Verträgen, die sie mit BES Spanien abgeschlossen hatten, bzw. aus Finanzprodukten, die BES Spanien aufgelegt hatte. Novo Banco Spanien macht geltend, dass die streitigen Forderungen nicht auf sie übergegangen seien und sich die Kunden vielmehr an BES Spanien halten müssten.
Der spanische Oberste Gerichtshof hat den EuGH in diesem Zusammenhang u.a. um Auslegung der Richtlinie 2001/24 über die Sanierung und Liquidation von Kreditinstituten ersucht. Er weist darauf hin, dass die teilweise Übertragung des Geschäftsbetriebs der BES auf Novo Banco weder in Portugal noch in Spanien hinreichend öffentlich bekannt gemacht worden sei. Das habe nahezu sämtliche in Spanien ansässigen Kunden von BES Spanien daran gehindert, die Entscheidungen der portugiesischen Zentralbank anzufechten, und sie veranlasst, Klagen gegen Novo Banco Spanien zu erheben.
Generalanwalt Richard de la Tour hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 21. März 2024 die Ansicht vertreten, dass sich das Fehlen der in der Richtlinie vorgesehenen öffentlichen Bekanntmachung, die es Dritten ermöglichen soll, im Herkunftsmitgliedstaat (Portugal) einen Rechtsbehelf gegen die Sanierungsmaßnahme einzulegen, nicht auf die Wirkungen der gegenseitigen Anerkennung dieser Maßnahme in den Aufnahmemitgliedstaaten auswirke. Einzelpersonen könnten sich gegenüber einer Brückenbank, die im Rahmen einer Sanierungsmaßnahme gegründet worden sei, nicht auf ein berechtigtes Vertrauen berufen. Schadensersatzforderungen im Zusammenhang mit einem Vertrag könnten auf der Passivseite einer Bank belassen werden, die Gegenstand einer Sanierungsmaßnahme in Form der Gründung einer Brückenbank sei, auf die nur bestimmte Vermögenswerte und Verbindlichkeiten übertragen würden.
Weitere Informationen C-498/22
Weitere Informationen C-499/22
Weitere Informationen C-500/22
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