Tuesday 11th June 2024
Judgment in Case C-646/21 Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid (Women who identify with the value of gender equality)
(Area of Freedom, Security and Justice – Asylum policy)
From the Opinion by AG Collins 12 July 2023:
(This case) concerns the applications for international protection of K and L, two teenage girls from Iraq who lived in the Netherlands for five years whilst their family’s initial applications for international protection were being examined.
During that time, they were part of a society that values gender equality and they adopted the values, norms and conduct of their peers.
In their subsequent applications for international protection, the appellants claim that, if they return to Iraq, they will be unable to conform to values, norms and conduct that do not afford women and girls the freedoms that they enjoyed in the Netherlands, the expression of which would expose them to the risk of persecution. The Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid (State Secretary for Justice and Security, Netherlands) has rejected these claims as manifestly unfounded.
The questions referred for a preliminary ruling ask whether persons in the appellants’ circumstances may be entitled to international protection because they are members of a particular social group within the meaning of Article 10(1)(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Qualification Directive). They also ask how a child’s best interests may be taken into account in the assessment of applications for international protection.
Dienstag, 11. Juni 2024
Urteil des Gerichtshofs (Große Kammer) in der Rechtssache C‑646/21 Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid (Sich mit dem Wert der Gleichheit der Geschlechter identifizierende Frauen)
Berücksichtigung der gesellschaftlichen Anpassung bei Asylanträgen
Zwei minderjährige Irakerinnen, die vor über fünf Jahren in die Niederlande kamen, beanstanden vor einem niederländischen Gericht, dass ihre Asylfolgeanträge (d.h. es waren nicht ihre ersten) abgelehnt wurden. Sie machen geltend, dass sie aufgrund ihres langfristigen Aufenthalts in den Niederlanden westliche Normen, Werte und Verhaltensweisen übernommen hätten und aus diesem Grund schutzbedürftig seien.
Das niederländische Gericht hat den Gerichtshof hierzu sowie zur Berücksichtigung des Kindeswohls und der allgemeinen Behandlung von Folgeanträgen um Vorabentscheidung ersucht.
Generalanwalt Collins hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 13. Juli 2023 u.a. die Ansicht vertreten, dass drittstaatsangehörige Mädchen und Frauen aufgrund der Tatsache, dass sie während einer beträchtlichen Zeitspanne ihrer identitätsbildenden Lebensphase in einem Mitgliedstaat gelebt hätten, eine Überzeugung von der Gleichheit der Geschlechter teilen könnten, die so bedeutsam für ihre Identität sei, dass sie nicht gezwungen werden sollten, auf sie zu verzichten.
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