Monday, 29 July 2024
EU Judgment in Case C-298/22 Banco BPN v BIC Português and Others
(Competition)
In September 2019, the Portuguese Competition Authority (“AdC”) fined 14 credit institutions (including the six largest in Portugal) a total sum of €225 million.
The AdC considered that these institutions infringed national and EU competition law by participating in an extensive monthly reciprocal exchange of sensitive information over a period of more than ten years, between 2002 and 2013. The information exchanged concerned the mortgage, consumer credit and business credit markets.
This information covered the current and future conditions applicable to the transactions, including interest rate spreads and risk variables, and the individual production figures of the participants in this exchange.
Considering this exchange of information was “autonomous”, AdC did not allege that it was linked to a concerted practice restricting competition, such as an agreement on prices or on the allocation of markets. However, AdC did consider such practice to constitute a restriction of competition by object. This means that the infringement is so serious that it is not necessary to examine its possible effects on the market.
Most of the participating credit institutions appealed the AdC’s decision to the Portuguese Competition Court.
They claim that the exchange of information in question was not, in itself, sufficiently harmful to competition to qualify as a restriction of competition by object and therefore an examination of its effects would be required. They added that, in any event, the AdC should have taken account of the economic, legal and regulatory context surrounding that exchange.
The referring Portuguese court (Competition, Regulation and Supervision Court) asked the Court of Justice about the concept of restriction of competition by object in relation to autonomous and informal exchanges of information.
Montag, 29. Juli 2024
Urteil des Gerichtshofs in der Rechtssache C-298/22 Banco BPN/BIC Português u.a.
Informationsaustausch zwischen Wettbewerbern
Die portugiesische Wettbewerbsbehörde warf verschiedenen Banken vor, sensible und strategische Informationen ausgetauscht zu haben. Da die Behörde diesen Informationsaustausch als bezweckte Wettbewerbsbeschränkung einstufte, hielt sie eine Prüfung seiner Auswirkungen auf den Markt für entbehrlich, und verhängte eine Geldbuße gegen die Banken. Eine Vereinbarung über Preise oder die Aufteilung von Märkten warf sie den Banken nicht vor.
Die Banken haben die Entscheidung vor dem portugiesischen Wettbewerbsgericht angefochten. Dieses ersucht den Gerichtshof um Präzisierung der Voraussetzungen, unter denen ein Informationsaustausch zwischen konkurrierenden Unternehmen als bezweckte Wettbewerbsbeschränkung eingestuft werden kann.
Generalanwalt Rantos hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 5. Oktober 2023 die Ansicht vertreten, dass das unionsrechtliche Kartellverbot der Einstufung eines Informationsaustauschs zwischen Wettbewerbern über Geschäftsbedingungen (z. B. aktuelle und künftige Kreditspannen und Risikovariablen) und Produktionszahlen betreffend das Angebot von Hypotheken‑, Unternehmens- und Verbraucherkrediten im Banksektor als bezweckte Wettbewerbsbeschränkung nicht entgegenstehe, wenn eine solche Praxis die Transparenz künstlich erhöhe und die Unsicherheit über die Funktionsweise des Marktes verringert habe. Es stehe dieser Einstufung auch dann nicht entgegen, wenn keine sich aus diesem Informationsaustausch ergebenden Effizienzgewinne bzw. ambivalenten oder wettbewerbsfördernden Wirkungen festgestellt wurden oder ermittelt werden konnten.
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