Thursday 19th September 2024
(Competition)
Booking.com, a company incorporated under Dutch law and headquartered in Amsterdam (Netherlands), offers a global online intermediation service for booking accommodation.
Hotels pay Booking.com a commission for every reservation made by travellers using the platform. Although hotels may use alternative sales channels, they are prohibited from offering overnight stays at prices lower than those offered on the Booking.com website.
Initially, this prohibition applied both to offers on hoteliers’ own sales channels and to offers on sales channels operated by third parties (the so-called “extended parity” clause). Since 2015, a restricted version of this clause only prohibits the offer of nights at a lower price through the hotelier’s own sales channels.
The German courts, without questioning the Court, ruled that the price parity clauses (restricted or extended) used by hotel reservation platforms were contrary to EU competition law in particular. The German Federal Competition Authority had already reached the same conclusion.
Following an application by Booking.com for a declaration that the parity clauses employed by that company were valid, the Amsterdam court decided to refer questions to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling on the compatibility of both extended and restricted price parity clauses with EU competition rules.
Donnerstag, 19. September 2024
Streit um Bestpreisklauseln
Im Rahmen einer Klage gegen zahlreiche deutsche Hotels vor dem Bezirksgericht Amsterdam begehrt Booking.com die Feststellung, dass ihre Bestpreisklauseln rechtmäßig waren. Die Hotels sind der Meinung, dass diese Klauseln gegen europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht verstoßen.
Bis zum 1. Juli 2015 verwendete Booking.com eine sogenannte „weite Bestpreisklausel“. Nach dieser Klausel war es den Unterkünften nicht gestattet, über ihre eigenen Vertriebskanäle oder über von Dritten betriebene Vertriebskanäle Zimmer zu einem niedrigeren Preis als auf Booking.com anzubieten.
Nachdem das deutsche Bundeskartellamt in einem Verfahren betreffend eine andere Online-Hotelplattform entschieden hatte, dass eine vergleichbare weite Bestpreisklausel sowohl gegen das europäische als auch gegen das deutsche Kartellverbot verstoße, ersetzte Booking.com am 1. Juli 2015 ihre weite Bestpreisklausel gegen eine enge Bestpreisklausel. Danach war es den Unterkünften lediglich untersagt, über ihre eigenen Vertriebskanäle Zimmer zu einem niedrigeren Preis anzubieten.
Mit Beschluss vom 22. Dezember 2015 entschied das Bundeskartellamt, dass auch diese enge Bestpreisklausel gegen das europäische und das deutsche Wettbewerbsrecht verstoße, und untersagte deren Verwendung. Der Bundesgerichtshof bestätigte die Unzulässigkeit der engen Bestpreisklausel mit Beschluss vom 18. Mai 2021 (siehe BGH-Pressemitteilung Nr. 99/21).
Das Bezirksgericht Amsterdam möchte vom Gerichtshof wissen, ob sowohl die weite als auch die enge Bestpreisklausel als Nebenabrede anzusehen und als solche vom europäischen Kartellverbot ausgenommen sind. Sollte dem nicht so sein, möchte es ferner wissen, wie der Markt für Online-Hotelplattformdienste abzugrenzen ist.
Generalanwalt Collins hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 6. Juni 2024 u.a. die Ansicht vertreten, dass es sich bei weiten und engen Bestpreisklauseln, die eine Online-Reisebüroplattform Hotels als Teil ihrer Geschäftsbedingungen auferlegen wolle, nicht um Nebenabreden handele, es sei denn, sie seien unverzichtbar und angemessen, um die wirtschaftliche Überlebensfähigkeit der Online-Reisebüroplattform zu gewährleisten, was das Amtsgericht Amsterdam zu beurteilen habe.
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