Tuesday 4th February 2024
(Area of Freedom, Security and Justice – Asylum policy)
An Eritrean arrived in the Netherlands at the age of 17 and was recognised as a beneficiary of international protection. When he reached the age of 18, the Dutch authorities informed him of his obligation under Dutch law to undergo civic integration training. This meant that, in principle, he had to pass all parts of the civic integration exam within three years. This deadline has been extended several times. However, the young Eritrean did not attend certain courses and exams and did not pass those he did attend.
The authorities fined him €500. He also had to repay in full the €10,000 loan he had taken out with the authorities, on the grounds that he had not completed the civic integration programme within the stipulated period. The Eritrean took his case to the Dutch courts.
The Council of State (Netherlands) decided to refer questions to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling on the compatibility of the Dutch system with EUDirective2011/95/EU on international protection.
Dienstag, 4. Februar 2025, 9.00 Uhr!
Bußgeldbewehrte und kostenpflichtige Integrationspflicht für Asylberechtigte
In den Niederlanden sind Asylberechtigte grundsätzlich verpflichtet, binnen drei Jahren eine Integrationsprüfung erfolgreich abzulegen. Die Kosten für die Integrationskurse und –prüfungen müssen sie in der Regel selbst tragen, wobei sie dafür ein Darlehen von bis zu 10 000 Euro beantragen können. Wenn sie die Prüfung fristgerecht bestehen, müssen sie das Darlehen nicht zurückzahlen. Wird diese Integrationspflicht nicht erfüllt, kann dem Betroffenen zudem eine Geldbuße auferlegt werden.
Ein Eritreer, der seine Integration nicht rechtzeitig abgeschlossen hatte, beanstandet vor den niederländischen Gerichten, dass ihm deswegen eine Geldbuße in Höhe von 500 Euro auferlegt und von ihm verlangt wurde, das Darlehen in Höhe von 10 000 Euro vollständig zurückzuzahlen.
Der niederländische Staatsrat möchte vom Gerichtshof wissen, ob diese bußgeldbewehrte Verpflichtung zur erfolgreichen Ablegung einer Integrationsprüfung auf eigene Kosten mit der sog. Qualifikationsrichtlinie 2011/95 vereinbar ist. Diese verpflichtet die Mitgliedstaaten, Asylberechtigten Zugang zu Integrationsprogrammen zu bieten.
Generalanwältin Medina hat in ihren Schlussanträgen vom 6. Juni 2024 die Ansicht vertreten, dass von Flüchtlingen das Bestehen einer Integrationsprüfung unter Androhung der Verpflichtung zur Rückzahlung eines Darlehens und der Zahlung einer Geldbuße nicht verlangt werden dürfe.
Die Urteilsverkündung wird auf der Website Curia live gestreamt.
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