Friday 4th October 2024
EU Judgment in Case C-4/23 Mirin
(Citizenship of the Union)
A Romanian citizen was registered as female at birth in Romania.
After moving to the United Kingdom (UK), he acquired British nationality while retaining his Romanian nationality. It was in this country that, in 2017, he changed his first name and civil title from female to male and, in 2020, obtained legal recognition of his male gender identity.
In May 2021, on the basis of two documents obtained in the UK attesting to these changes, this citizen asked the Romanian administrative authorities to enter in his birth certificate the particulars relating to his change of forename, sex and personal identification number so that it corresponded to the male sex.
He also asked them to issue him with a new birth certificate containing these new details. However, the Romanian authorities refused his requests while inviting him to follow a new legal procedure in Romania, aimed directly at obtaining approval for the change of sex.
Relying on his right to move and reside freely within the territory of the European Union, the citizen concerned asked a Bucharest court to order that his birth certificate be brought into line with his new forename and his gender identity, which had been definitively recognised in the UK.
The court asked the Court of Justice whether the national legislation on which the Romanian authorities’ refusal was based complied with EU law and whether Brexit had any impact on the case.
Freitag, 4. Oktober 2024
Urteil des Gerichtshofs (Große Kammer) in der Rechtssache C‑4/23 Mirin
Änderung des Geschlechts und des Vornamens
Eine bei der Geburt in Rumänien als weiblich registrierte Person identifiziert sich als männliche Transgender-Person und nutzt das Pronomen „er“. Nach seinem Umzug in das Vereinigte Königreich und Erwerb der britischen Staatsangehörigkeit änderte er daher seine Anrede nach dem „Deed Poll“-Verfahren von weiblich zu männlich. Seinen Führerschein und seinen britischen Reisepass ließ er daraufhin entsprechend ändern. Im Juni 2020, d.h. noch vor dem Brexit, erhielt er außerdem ein „Gender Recognition Certificate“, das seine männliche Geschlechtsidentität anerkennt und bestätigt.
Nach Abschluss dieser Verfahren wandte sich der Betroffene im Mai 2021, d.h. nach dem Brexit, aber während der Übergangsfrist, an das Standesamt der rumänischen Stadt Cluj und beantragte – auf der Grundlage der im Vereinigten Königreich ausgestellten Dokumente – die Eintragung eines Vermerks über die Änderung des Geschlechts und des Vornamens in der Geburtsurkunde und die entsprechende Änderung der Personenidentifikationsnummer. Außerdem beantragte er die Ausstellung einer Geburtsurkunde mit diesen neuen Angaben.
Der Antrag wurde abgelehnt, weil nach rumänischem Recht ein Vermerk über die Änderung des Geschlechts nur dann eingetragen werden könne, wenn sie durch eine rechtskräftige gerichtliche Entscheidung genehmigt worden sei. Die britischen Dokumente entsprächen diesem Erfordernis nicht.
Der Betroffene hat diese Ablehnung vor einem rumänischen Gericht angefochten. Dieses möchte vom Gerichtshof wissen, ob die im Vereinigten Königreich erfolgten Änderungen anzuerkennen sind und welche Rolle der Brexit für die Frage womöglich spielt.
Generalanwalt Richard de la Tour hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 7. Mai 2024 die Ansicht vertreten, dass die Weigerung eines Mitgliedstaats, die in einem anderen Mitgliedstaat erworbene Änderung des Vornamens und des Geschlechts anzuerkennen, gegen die Rechte der Unionsbürger verstoße. Die Mitgliedstaaten blieben jedoch dafür zuständig, die Wirkungen dieser Anerkennung im Bereich der Ehe und Abstammung zu regeln (siehe Pressemitteilung Nr. 81/24).
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