Dienstag, 10. Dezember 2024
Staatliche Beihilfen für den Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn
Mit Beschluss vom 31. Juli 2017 genehmigte die Kommission Zuwendungen des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz für den hauptsächlich von Ryanair genutzten Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn, ohne das förmliche Prüfverfahren zu eröffnen. Die Zuwendungen sollten es dem Flughafen ermöglichen, den Beförderungsbedarf der Region zu decken, bis er durch private Investitionen wieder rentabel wird. Konkret sollten sie die für den Zeitraum 2017-2021 erwarteten Betriebsverluste bis zu einem Höchstbetrag von 25,3 Mio. Euro abdecken (siehe auch Pressemitteilung der Kommission IP/17/2221).
Die Kommission stufte die Zuwendungen zwar als staatliche Beihilfe ein, hielt sie jedoch für mit dem Binnenmarkt vereinbar. Insoweit wies sie insbesondere darauf hin, dass es im Einzugsgebiet des Flughafens Frankfurt-Hahn keine weiteren Flughäfen gebe und dass die nächstgelegenen Flughäfen, in Luxemburg und in Frankfurt am Main, ganz andere Geschäftsmodelle als das Low-Cost-Modell des Flughafens Frankfurt-Hahn hätten. Die Kommission war daher der Ansicht, dass die Gewährung der fraglichen Beihilfe nur geringe negative Auswirkungen auf den Wettbewerb und den Handel habe.
Lufthansa focht diese Genehmigung vor dem Gericht der EU an, mit Erfolg: Mit Urteil vom 19. Mai 2021 (T-218/18) erklärte das Gericht den Kommissionbeschluss für nichtig, da die von der Kommission durchgeführte Prüfung nicht alle Bedenken hinsichtlich der Vereinbarkeit der fraglichen Beihilfe mit dem Binnenmarkt habe ausräumen können.
Das Land Rheinland-Pfalz legte gegen das Urteil des Gerichts ein Rechtsmittel beim Gerichtshof ein, die Kommission legte ihrerseits ein Anschlussrechtsmittel ein. Die Rechtsmittel hatten Erfolg: Mit Urteil vom 14. September 2023 (C-466/21 P) hob der Gerichtshof das Urteil des Gerichts vom 19. Mai 2021 wegen Mängeln bei der Prüfung der Zulässigkeit der Klage von Lufthansa auf und verwies die Rechtssache zurück an das Gericht.
Heute findet die (erneute) mündliche Verhandlung über die Klage von Lufthansa vor dem Gericht statt.
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