Thursday 30th November 2023
Judgment in Joined Cases: C-228/21, C-254/21, C-297/21, C-315/21, C-328/21 Ministero dell’Interno (Common brochure – Indirect Refoulement)
(Asylum Policy)
Several people from Afghanistan and Pakistan, among other countries, have applied for international protection in Italy. Each of them had previously submitted a similar application in another EU Member State (i.e. Slovenia, Sweden, Germany or Finland), two of which had already been rejected. As these other Member States had agreed, in accordance with the Dublin III Regulation, to take back these applicants, Italy adopted transfer decisions for them. In principle, the first Member State to receive an application is responsible for examining whether international protection should be granted.
All the applicants opposed the transfer, fearing that they would be sent back to their countries of origin by the first Member States. The Italian courts, hearing these cases, wondered whether an applicant making a second application should, as in the case of the first, receive the “common brochure” (i.e. uniform throughout the EU) providing information on the procedure and on the rights and obligations of applicants, and whether an individual interview should be held. They also wondered whether the risk of the applicants being returned to their countries of origin could be taken into account when examining the transfer decision. These courts have therefore referred the matter to the Court of Justice for clarification.
Urteil des Gerichtshofs in den verbundenen Rechtssachen C-228/21, C-254/21, C-297/21, C-315/21, C-328/21 Ministero dell’Interno (Gemeinsames Merkblatt – Indirekte Zurückweisung)
Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem
Jeweils fünf Asylsuchende stellten in Italien einen Antrag auf internationalen Schutz, nachdem ein solches Ersuchen bereits in anderen Mitgliedsstaaten gescheitert war. In den fünf Rechtssachen beantragten die italienischen Behörden die Überstellung in den an erster Stelle ersuchten Mitgliedsstaat. Die Antragssteller haben vor den Italienischen Gerichten gegen diese Maßnahmen geklagt. Sie sind der Ansicht, dass ihnen bei einer Zurückweisung in den jeweiligen Erstmitgliedsstaat eine Abschiebung in den jeweiligen Drittstaat drohe. Außerdem machen sie die Tatsache geltend, dass das gemeinsame europäische Asylsystem auf dem Prinzip fußt, dass ein Asylantrag nur von einem einzigen Mitgliedstaat geprüft wird. Weiterhin müssten ihnen nach dem Unionsrecht gewisse Informationen mitgeteilt werden, die das Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Zuständigen Mitgliedsstaats betreffen (gemeinsames Merkblatt).
Die Italienischen Gerichte haben dem Gerichtshof mehrere Fragen zur Vorabentscheidung vorgelegt. Sie wollen wissen, ob im Wiederaufnahmeverfahren das gemeinsame Merkblatt auch durch den zweiten Mitgliedsstaat ausgegeben werden muss. Außerdem ist fraglich, ob das zweitbefasste Gericht bei einer Überstellungsentscheidung prüfen kann, ob im anderen Mitgliedsstaat die Gefahr eines Verstoßes gegen den Grundsatz der Nichtzurückweisung besteht.
Generalanwältin Kokott hat dem Gerichtshof in ihren Schlussanträgen u.a. vorgeschlagen zu entscheiden, dass das zweite Gericht das Risiko einer Verletzung des Grundsatzes der Nichtzurückweisung durch den ersuchten Mitgliedstaat nicht prüfen darf, wenn in diesem Mitgliedstaat keine systemischen Mängel bestehen, die Zweifel an der Wirksamkeit der gerichtlichen Kontrolle der Maßnahmen rechtfertigen, die die Abschiebung der abgelehnten Asylbewerber ermöglichen.
Weitere Informationen C-228/21
Weitere Informationen C-254/21
Weitere Informationen C-297/21
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