Brussels, 22 January 2024
Russian war of aggression against Ukraine
The Foreign Affairs Council discussed the Russian aggression against Ukraine, after a VTC intervention by Ukraine’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro Kuleba, who briefed his EU counterparts on the latest developments on the ground.
Despite continuous attacks from Russia, Ukraine is achieving important military successes, notably in the Black Sea. Nevertheless, Russia escalates missile and drone attacks on civilian targets in Ukraine and remains a threat to Europe.
The Council discussion therefore focused on the need to continue assistance to Ukraine, including military support.
Ministers agreed that this is not the moment to weaken our support to Ukraine. On the contrary: it is the moment to do more and faster. With financial resources, military equipment, by training soldiers, and [providing] all Ukraine needs to defend itself.
Josep Borrell, High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Ministers discussed ways of helping Ukraine by providing more and predictable assistance, ahead of the special meeting of the European Council scheduled on 1 February. The High Representative expressed his hope that the EU will be able to reach an agreement on a top-up of five billion euros of the European Peace Facility, and the establishment of a ‘Ukraine Assistance Fund’ to address Ukraine’s most pressing needs.
On the Immobilised Russian assets, I think I can say that we have a political agreement to finalise work on the basis of the proposal that we tabled in December, focusing on revenues, or windfall profits.
Josep Borrell, High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Situation in the Middle East
The Foreign Affairs Council held a discussion on the situation in the Middle East and held separate exchanges on this topic with: the Israeli Foreign Minister Israel Katz, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia – Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, Jordan – Ayman Safadi, and Egypt – Sameh Shoukry, and the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States Ahmed Aboul Gheit, as well as the Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian Authority Riyad al-Maliki.
During the first discussion with minister Katz, EU ministers agreed that the catastrophic situation in Gaza – the rising death toll among civilians, wide-spread hunger, a serious lack of humanitarian deliveries and access, and Israeli hostages held for over 100 days – is the absolute and most imminent priority.
More death, destruction and hardship for the Palestinian people will not help defeat Hamas and its ideology. It will not bring more security to Israel, on the contrary. That is why we need to double our efforts with international partners to move from deadly confrontation towards a solution.
Josep Borrell, High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
After that, EU ministers had a lunch discussion with regional partners in the Peace Day Effort – Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, and the League of Arab States.
They agreed on the need to support UNRWA (the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East), and talked about post-war Gaza, joint efforts to revive the political process towards a two-state solution and work towards a Preparatory Peace Conference and a comprehensive regional peace plan.
Thirdly, EU ministers also had a discussion with Palestinian Foreign Minister al-Maliki, to whom they reiterated the EU’s strong support to the Palestinian people and to the Palestinian Authority.
Lastly, the High Representative shared with EU member states ideas for an EU internal discussion on a comprehensive approach to re-initiate the peace process in the Middle East, building on the work done in the context of the “Peace Day Effort”. The High Representative proposed in particular to work towards a Preparatory Peace Conference, to address the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in a comprehensive manner, in the future.
Other aspects that ministers discussed were: ongoing work on sanctions against extremist and violent settlers in the West Bank, ongoing tensions at the Israel-Lebanon border and in the Red Sea and the recent the spiral of violence that has caused numerous civilian casualties across the wider region and in South Asia.
Azerbaijan and Armenia
Under current affairs, the Foreign Affairs Council touched on Azerbaijan/Armenia. The Council expressed solidarity with France over the expulsion of its diplomats and recent media attacks. Ministers agreed that Azerbaijan needs to return to substantive peace and normalisation talks with Armenia.
Any violation of Armenia’s territorial integrity is unacceptable and will have severe consequences on relations with the EU.
Council conclusions
The Council approved conclusions on EU priorities in UN Human Rights Fora in 2024.
Meeting information
- Meeting n°4001
- Brussels
- 22 January 2024
- 09:00
Preparatory documents
- List of A items, non-legislative activities
- List of A items, legislative deliberations
- Provisional list of A items
- Provisional agenda
- Background brief
Outcome documents
Press releases
- Syria: Council adds six persons and five entities to EU sanctions list – 22 January 2024, 15:07
- Sudan: Council adds six entities to EU sanctions list – 22 January 2024, 12:30
- United Nations Human Rights Fora: Council approves EU priorities – 22 January 2024, 12:20
- Media advisory – Foreign Affairs Council of 22 January 2024 – 19 January 2024, 18:05
Foreign Affairs Council: Press remarks by High Representative Josep Borrell after the meeting
Brussels, 22.01.2024
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Thank you to all of you.
It has been – as I told you at the beginning, at 8:00 in the morning – a very intense [Foreign Affairs] Council, with only two points on the agenda – well, only two main points on the agenda – but with a high number of high-level guests.
As always, we started with Ukraine – which is and remains a top priority for us in front of the Russian continued aggression against Ukraine, which is also a threat for the security in Europe.
As always, we had an update from [Ukrainian] Foreign Minister [Dmytro] Kuleba via video conference on the latest developments.
To summarise, Russia has achieved virtually no progress on the battlefield, suffering a lot of casualties. Putin, ahead of his planned re-election in March – you can guess about the results of this election – continues attacking with drones and missiles. But Ukraine is also achieving important military successes, notably in the Black Sea, where the Russian fleet has been obliged to withdraw to the Eastern facade of Crimea in order to escape the Ukrainian missiles.
The ministers agreed that this is not the moment to weaken our support to Ukraine.
By the contrary: it is the moment to do more and faster, my preferred words: more and faster. With financial resources, with military equipment, by training soldiers, and all [that] Ukrainians need to defend [themselves].
We will continue working to make a predictable assistance. I will travel to Ukraine in the first or second week of February – I will tell you.
We will – I hope – reach an agreement on a top-up of €5 billion of the European Peace Facility, so that we can establish a “Ukraine Assistance Fund”. We presented a non-paper in order to make clear to the Member States how the European Peace Facility will work in this new stage, in this new moment. I hope that it will be ready, and all Ministers considered that it was a good basis to review the work of the European Peace Facility under the ‘Ukraine Assistance Fund’.
On the Immobilised Russian assets, I think I can say that we have a political agreement to finalise work on the basis of the proposal that we tabled in December, focusing on the revenues. For the time being, it is about revenues, about the windfall profits, and I am almost sure that this will be finalised soon. Discussions will continue at the level of Ambassadors, but I see that the agreement is coming. And I make a strong push for this decision to be taken before the next Foreign Affairs Council.
This is about the Russian aggression against Ukraine.
Then, we went to the Middle East. We had separate discussions with the Foreign Ministers of Israel [Israel Katz], with Arab partners, and with the Foreign Minister of Palestine [Riyad Al-Maliki].
The most important thing was the situation in Gaza. Everybody agreed that the death toll among civilians is excessive, that the situation is as very dire as you could imagine, with wide-spread hunger, and a serious lack of humanitarian deliveries and access, apart from the Israeli hostages being held for over 100 days.
I think that more death, more destruction, more hardship for the Gazan people, for the Palestinian people will not help defeat Hamas and its ideology. It will not bring more security to Israel, on the contrary. And that is why we need to double our efforts with international partners to move from this deadly confrontation towards a solution.
We also talked about the situation in the West Bank and the border with Lebanon.
Then, we had separate exchanges with the Saudis, Jordanians, Egyptians, and the Arab League.
It is important that we all agree on supporting UNRWA. It was a clear message. We support UNRWA and we do not agree with the criticism expressed by several Israeli governmental sources criticising the UNRWA’s work. On the contrary, we support them, and I personally want to pay homage the more than 140 staff members of UNRWA that have been killed in Gaza.
We talked about the ‘post war’ Gaza and our joint efforts to revive the political process towards a Two-state solution.
We talked about the preparatory work for the Peace Conference.
Finally, we had a discussion with the Palestinian Foreign Minister. We reiterated the support [of the European Union] to the Palestinian Authority. Finally, at the end of the year, we made the payment of the contribution to the work of the Palestinian Authority.
I have to recall that we are the strongest supporter of the Palestinian Authority, from a financial point of view. We are the largest international donor to the Palestinians, and we will continue being so.
Finally, I shared with the Member States for our internal discussion a comprehensive approach to re-initiate the peace process, building on the efforts that we had already engaged [in] with our partners in September in New York, some weeks before the dramatic day of the 7th of October.
This was a successful meeting, and building on this initiative, I have been proposing the way towards a Preparatory Peace Conference, to address this conflict in a comprehensive manner.
It is clear that today the urgency, the priority, the thing in which we have to invest all our energy is on the humanitarian side of the problem. Less than 100 trucks every day – this is unacceptable. Many Member States told directly to the Israeli Minister: “You have to provide a quicker entrance of trucks to provide humanitarian support to the people in Gaza.” Less than 100 [trucks] – 80 one day, maybe – when before the war, there were more 500 [trucks] a day.
This is the urgency and when we talk about the future, it does not mean that we do not understand which is the priority today: the priority is to provide support to the people who are in an extremely dire situation. The priority is to try to stop the military activities, stop the bombing, in order to provide more humanitarian assistance and to free the hostages and to avoid more civilian casualties. This has been clearly said to all our interlocutors today and in particular, to the Israeli Minister. I think there was a clear unanimity on that among Member States.
But it should not prevent us to work on the long run, on the medium-term, but starting now, on the preparation for a Peace Conference as the European Council agreed, to address the conflict and the root causes and look for a stable solution.
The urgency is the priority, but it as important to think about how this problem can be solved. Otherwise, as I said many times, we will go for another cycle of violence, from funeral to funeral, from generation to generation.
And this is the work that we have started with an initial draft for a peace plan. This will have to provide robust security assurances for Israel and for the future State of Palestine.
On the other hand, we continue working on the sanctions against extremist and violent settlers in the West Bank under the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime. Work is ongoing in the technical working groups. I hope it will be approved by Member States soon.
The Red Sea was high in our discussions. We agreed in principle to establish an EU maritime security operation, and discussed the various options of this mission that I proposed to the Member States. Now, we need to move towards unanimity to see when we can establish this mission.
In general, the rise of violence in the Middle East and South Asia that has caused a great number of civilian casualties, including [in] Pakistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Iran are of utmost concern as they violate the sovereignty of these countries and have a destabilising effect in the region.
We have to remark that there are [civilian] victims, and among them there are European citizens which have also been affected in Gaza and in different attacks in the region, including a small child, killed in Erbil last week.
That is why, we urge all the actors in the region to exert restraint and to work towards de-escalation. But certainly, you can imagine when one sees that the attacks are wide spreading in the region and now, they affect a lot of countries – including Pakistan, including Kurdistan, Iraq, Syria, Iran – our concern increases. That is why today, we have been asking all our interlocutors to try to stop this widespread of violence in the region.
Finally, we exchanged on Azerbaijan and Armenia.
We expressed solidarity with France – their diplomats have been expelled – and we agreed that Azerbaijan needs to return to substantive peace and normalisation talks with Armenia. The latest territorial claims by President [of Azerbaijan, Ilham] Aliyev are very concerning. And any violation of Armenia’s territorial integrity will be unacceptable and will have severe consequences for our relations with Azerbaijan.
All and all, this is the summary of a long Foreign Affairs Council.
Q&A
Mr [Donald] Trump claimed that he could end Russia-Ukrainian war in 24 hours. You have been working hard [for] more than two years to find a solution, to stop Russian invasion. From your point of view, is it real to end it in 24 hours? What should be done to end it in 24 hours?
Bueno, yo creía que los milagros se hacían en Lourdes pero… Pues, francamente, no hemos encontrado la fórmula mágica para resolver el problema en 24 horas, pero el Presidente [de Ucrania, Volodymyr] Zelenskyy tengo entendido que ya ha invitado al Presidente Trump a que vaya a Kyiv y que rápidamente encuentre otra solución, porque los que más quieren la paz y que la guerra se acabe son los ucranianos. Estoy seguro de que estarán encantados de que el Presidente Trump les desvele la fórmula mágica para parar la guerra en 24 horas.
Est-ce que vous pouvez nous raconter à quoi ressemblait la discussion sur la solution à deux Etats avec le ministre israélien ? La Belgique appelle désormais à un cessez-le-feu point, donc non plus humanitaire mais juste un cessez-le-feu. Je voulais savoir à quel point est-ce que vous estimez que les 27 [Etats membres] et donc l’Union européenne est plus ou moins proche ou loin de cette position ? Est-ce que vous considérez que les 27 doivent, du coup, actualiser leur position commune sur la situation à Gaza ? Est-ce que l’appel à un cessez-le-feu n’est pas inhérent, ou au moins une condition préalable pour que l’Union européenne puisse se poser en architecte d’une solution de paix ?
La segunda pregunta, la he entendido bien [pero] la primera, no estoy seguro de haberla entendido bien. [Sobre] la segunda pregunta, esta es una buena ocasión para distinguir entre lo que son las posiciones comunes de la Unión, y lo que son las posiciones de los Estados miembros. Lo que es una política común, es algo que se decide en el Consejo Europeo, a nivel de jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, y esa posición ha sido decidida por el Consejo Europeo. La posición común es pausas humanitarias. No ha habido unanimidad, no ha habido acuerdo para apoyar a nivel del Consejo Europeo la posición común de defensa de un alto el fuego, que es la suspensión indefinida de las operaciones militares. Luego, vienen lo que son las posiciones comunes, pero no únicas. ‘En común’, no quiere decir único. Podemos tener algo en común y luego cada uno puede tener, por su cuenta, otra opinión. Eso es lo que explica que 18 Estados miembros – son 18 los que votaron a favor de un alto el fuego en la última Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, y dos en contra y el resto se abstuvieron. Es decir, la posición común es clara, pero luego hay posiciones – puesto que la posición común no es una posición única – que tiene cada Estado miembro cuando se enfrentan a una decisión concreta sobre una propuesta que tienen que votar.
Bueno, no es nuevo que Bélgica defienda en alto el fuego. Ha habido otros países que han votado a favor de un alto el fuego en las Naciones Unidas. ¿Cuántos van a ser la próxima vez? No lo sé. La primera vez, fueron bastantes menos. Fueron cuatro en contra y, a favor, bastantes menos. Creo que fueron menos de 10. Vamos a ver cuándo se proponga otro voto, cuál es el resultado. Pero no se lo puedo anticipar. Yo solo puedo limitarme decir que la posición común, es esta, y que los Estados miembros pueden defender algo que no sea contradictorio si no, digamos, complementario, ¿no? La posición individual de cada Estado miembro. Y, la primera pregunta, perdone, no he entendido bien cuál era la cuestión.
Je voulais juste savoir comment s’est passée votre discussion avec le ministre israélien, notamment concernant la proposition de l’Union européenne qui soutient une solution à deux Etats ?
Bueno, no hemos hablado solo de la solución de los dos Estados. Hemos hablado de la situación en Oriente Medio en sus líneas generales. Desde luego, la mayoría de los Estados miembros han recordado que su posición es defender un acuerdo definitivo basado en los dos Estados, pero no hemos hablado solo de eso. Hemos hablado de la situación en Gaza, hemos hablado de la ayuda humanitaria, del escaso e insuficiente ritmo de entrada de ayuda. Hemos hablado de… hemos hablado de todos los problemas en Middle East y además el ministro nos ha presentado un par de vídeos que tenían poco o nada que ver con la cuestión que estábamos discutiendo.
Just picking up on that, what did you make of the video that the Israeli Foreign Minister showed the Foreign Ministers? Did you understand that it was an artificial island to house any people of Gaza or was it something of an investment opportunity?
Pues hemos tenido el placer de ver dos vídeos muy interesantes. Uno sobre un proyecto de isla artificial para servir de puerto, he creído entender, y otro sobre un proyecto de construcción de una línea de ferrocarril que enlazará el Oriente Medio con la India, que nos ha parecido también muy interesante. Pero que yo creo que el ministro hubiera podido aprovechar mejor su tiempo para preocuparse por la seguridad de su país y por el elevado número de muertos en Gaza.
El otro día en Valladolid, dijo que sería necesario imponer desde la comunidad internacional la solución de los dos Estados y pidió una implicación fuerte. Me gustaría saber si está satisfecho con el nivel de implicación y de capacidad para imponer de Estados Unidos, para incorporarse a estos esfuerzos. También estamos viendo que los países árabes, parece que tienen un plan de paz que se basa en la solución de los dos Estados. Estados Unidos, el enviado especial para la región parece que está hablando de algo parecido. Europa tiene también. ¿La idea es que todos estos papeles o planes converjan en un solo de cara a esa conferencia de paz?
Pues, usted tiene razón en plantear la multitud de iniciativas. “Que florezcan cien flores”, como decían en algún momento de la trayectoria política de otro país que tiene nada que ver con el Oriente Medio. Es evidente que estamos en un momento en el que avanzamos tanteando, y que el proceso será, en todo caso, largo y todas las iniciativas son bienvenidas. Pero hemos de intentar poner un poco de orden en la circulación para llegar a algo concreto, operativo, y que reciba un apoyo suficientemente grande como para que pueda volar. Nosotros hemos escuchado los planteamientos de los países árabes y, es verdad que, si están trabajando por su cuenta en un proyecto, pues lo vamos a compartir de igual manera que vamos a compartir nuestros planteamientos – y lo haremos también con Estados Unidos. Cuando yo digo que la solución tiene al final que recibir un fuerte apoyo, primero hemos de construir la solución y luego, una vez que la tengamos, hay que ver cómo se aplica. De lo que estoy convencido es que tenemos que dejar de hablar del ‘Middle East Peace Process’ para empezar a hablar en serio del ‘Two-states solution process’ o del ‘Two-states solution implementation process’. Porque, con un objetivo genérico como la paz, pues todo el mundo está de acuerdo. ¿La paz? Pues, sí, normalmente la gente no dice que está en contra. Pero ahora ya no estamos hablando de la paz, ahora estamos hablando de la paz, sí, pero a través de un procedimiento concreto. Creo que en la comunicación política debemos dejar de hablar del ‘Middle East [Peace] Process’ para hablar del ‘Two-states solution [process]’, que es lo que realmente se trata de conseguir, como una forma de conseguir la paz. Pero en eso ya no todo el mundo está de acuerdo. Ya habrá quien estará a favor y quién estará en contra. Y, ciertamente, aunque no hemos entrado en detalle en la discusión sobre esta cuestión, es evidente que el Estado de Israel, o el actual Gobierno de Israel, está en contra. Nada nuevo – lleva estando en contra 30 años.
[Sobre] Estados Unidos, pues le puedo decir lo mismo. Estaremos en contacto con nuestros amigos americanos, y cualquiera iniciativa que tengan que podamos compartir, o si quieren incorporarse a cualquiera iniciativa que vuele, que tenga apoyo suficiente de la comunidad internacional, pero hay que construirlo.
On the agreement on the Red Sea mission, can you tell us more details? When would that be in action and what form is it likely to take?
Bueno, no puedo decirle cuánto tiempo, porque el non-paper con las alternativas está sobre la mesa. Los Estados miembros se han pronunciado [y] nadie se ha opuesto. No ha habido ninguna oposición, no ha habido nadie que dijera me voy a oponer. Es posible que sepamos que algunos países no van a participar, pero no participar es una cosa y oponerse es otra. Pueden perfectamente no participar, pero dejar que los demás lo hagan. Hay que aprobar un texto legislativo, y hay que aprobar unas reglas de engagement. ¿De qué manera va a funcionar esta misión? ¿Cuál es su carácter operativo? ¿Hasta dónde llega su capacidad de entrar, digamos, en actuaciones militares concretas? Como, por supuesto defenderse de un ataque. Pero no es simplemente una escolta pasiva de navegar al lado de un mercante. Ese mercante puede ser objeto del ataque, y, ¿de qué manera responden en ese momento los barcos de guerra que escoltan? Y luego está la cuestión de saber qué país toma el mando operativo de la misión. [EU NAVFOR Operación] ATALANTA en este momento está siendo comandada por España, desde la base de Rota. [Operación] AGENOR tiene un mando francés. Hay que ver en una misión europea que obviamente va a sustituir y absorber AGENOR quién se encargaría en el mando. Todavía eso no está decidido y, naturalmente, tiene que decidirse para que la misión pueda ser operativa.
High Representative, you said yourself that Israel is opposed to the Two-states solution, and it is the only state that is in existence at the moment, there is no Palestinian state as things stand. How do you propose to overcome that obstacle? Are you talking about imposing a solution? If so, how would you do it? If not, how do you persuade Israel to change its stance?
Lo primero que hay que hacer es proponer una solución. Y para proponerla hay que tenerla. Vamos a ir paso a paso. Este Gobierno no está en esta situación, no ha estado [desde] siempre, no es ninguna sorpresa. Creo que la comunidad internacional tiene la obligación moral – y los europeos, muy en particular – de buscar una solución que asegure la paz y la seguridad. Y la primera cosa que hay que hacer es proponer una solución. Naturalmente, si Israel no quiere esa solución, va a ser difícil que se participe en las discusiones necesarias para construirla y para acabar proponiéndo[la]. Pero eso no nos debe impedir a los demás hacerlo por nuestra cuenta. Y si la comunidad internacional llega a construir una solución, tendrá que proponerla y si la propuesta no es acordada, pues entonces, naturalmente, hay leverage que se llama, es decir, elementos condicionantes, pero estamos todavía en una fase muy, muy previa a eso.
High Representative, we hear from top military officials – since you are in charge of defence policy as well – that the war, in fact, could become part of the reality of EU Member States and also NATO. I would like to ask you: do you actually believe that the war can extend beyond the Ukrainian territory? Is the EU prepared to the worst scenario? How many years probably, according to your estimations you have at your disposal to prepare to it? We hear, for example, from Minister [of Defence of Germany, Boris] Pistorius about from five to eight years, from Estonian Prime Minister [Kaja Kallas] from three to five [years]. What is your estimation?
No sé cómo hacer eso de [las] estimaciones, francamente. No lo sé. No sé si son cinco, si son ocho, si son dos, si son tres. Lo que es evidente es que la guerra en Ucrania, lo he dicho muy recientemente, es una amenaza existencial para Europa y, por lo tanto, hemos de estar preparados para ayudar a Ucrania. De momento, la guerra está en Ucrania. No anticipemos más problemas de los que ya tenemos. La guerra está donde está, y hemos de hacer lo posible para que no se extienda, igual que lo estamos haciendo en el Oriente Medio, que no se extiendan las guerras. En el caso concreto de Ucrania, que Ucrania gane esta guerra. Y esa es nuestra tarea, no especular sobre qué va a pasar dentro de cinco años y quién más puede verse afectado por la guerra. Bastante trabajo tenemos con las que ya están produciéndose como para imaginar qué pasará dentro de cinco años.
You said last week that for 30 years, there has been no solution so maybe it is time to impose it, and today, you are talking about preparing an international Conference. Are you seeing in your vision, an international Conference without the Israelis, that the international community will discuss some sort of solution that will be imposed on Israel? Or in your meeting with Mr Katz, did he show any agreement to participate in such a Conference if you discussed it with him?
Como le he dicho el ministro Israelí nos ha explicado sus proyectos de islas artificiales en frente de la costa de Gaza y de conexiones ferroviarias con la India, fundamentalmente. Que además parece ser que ya las había imaginado hace 7 años. O sea, que no, no tenía mucho que ver con la discusión que nos preocupaba. Pero sé que los Estados miembros le han dicho todo, sí, desde luego, que entienden que la solución para una paz permanente y duradera que garantice la seguridad de Israel, no solo con medios militares sino por convivencia con sus vecinos, pasa por la creación de un Estado palestino porque el Estado israelí no hace falta crearlo, ya existe. Eso seguramente no le ha hecho cambiar de opinión, pero no esperábamos lo contrario.
Link to the video: https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/video/I-251693
Source – EEAS