Brussels, 19 September 2024
Explore the future of human-machine interaction with the latest paper by the EU Council’s Analysis & Research Team (ART) on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Discover how BCIs are evolving from science fiction into transformative technology and learn about their promises, risks, and the need for balanced governance.
The next frontier of human-machine interaction
Imagine seamlessly controlling your computer with just a thought – moving the cursor across the screen, typing, drawing, composing music or playing video games, all without lifting a finger. This once-distant vision has already become a reality in some cases and may be closer than previously imagined in others. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are transitioning from the realm of speculative fiction to reality, with groundbreaking developments already underway which promise to unlock unprecedented ways of interacting with the digital world.
Attempting to directly link the brain to a computer is not a recent endeavour. Research started decades ago and as early as 1977, an experiment enabled a person to control a cursor on a screen using only brain activity1. Today, companies and researchers are breaking new ground with their work to help individuals with paralysis regain the ability to engage in everyday activities, such as shopping online, sending emails, communicating2, or even playing video games3, all through advanced brain implants.
In the not-too-distant future, BCIs could change our lives as much as smartphones have in the past decade, if not more, given their direct connection to the human brain. This technology could impact nearly every aspect of our daily lives, which raises crucial questions about its societal implications and presents a wide spectrum of policy challenges. This paper aims to provide clarity on brain-computer interfaces and their potential consequences, with the specific goal of supporting informed decision-making on this set of technologies.
The first section clarifies what BCIs are, assesses their current state of development and identifies the main challenges that may hinder their full deployment in the short term, with a particular focus on technological and neurological limitations. The second section examines the presentday capabilities of BCIs, providing concrete examples to illustrate their practical applications, and explores their potential for future innovations across key sectors.
Given the vast potential BCIs represent, the third section analyses the main risks and threats associated with this neurotechnology, some of which are common to all groundbreaking innovations, while others are specific to the unique nature of BCIs. The conclusions highlight the importance of sustained attention and discussion regarding the evolution of BCIs. A proactive approach at EU level can promote preparedness and help shape a balanced governance framework, thus optimising the benefits of BCIs while mitigating their risks.
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Full text of the ART Paper
Source – EU Council (via email)