The OECD’s Society at a Glance 2024 shows that the total fertility rate dropped from 3.3 children per woman in 1960 to just 1.5 children per woman in 2022, significantly below the “replacement level” of 2.1 children per woman needed to keep population constant in the absence of migration. The total fertility rate is low in Italy and Spain, at 1.2 children per woman in 2022, and lowest in Korea,
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