Friday 4th October 2024
EU Judgment in Case C-446/21 Schrems (Communication of data to the general public)
(Principles, objectives and tasks of the Treaties – Data protection)
Maximilian Schrems is challenging Meta Platforms Ireland’s unlawful processing of his personal data on the Facebook social network before the Austrian courts. The data in question includes information about his sexual orientation.
Meta collects the personal data of Facebook users, including Mr Schrems, relating to the activities of those users both on and off that social network. This includes data relating to visits to the online platform and to third-party websites and applications. To this end, Meta uses ‘cookies’, ‘social plugins’ and ‘pixels’ inserted on the web pages concerned.
On the basis of the data at its disposal, Meta can also identify Mr Schrems’ interest in sensitive subjects such as sexual orientation, which makes it possible to send him advertising targeted in that regard.
The question therefore arises whether Mr Schrems can no longer rely on the prohibition in principle laid down by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the processing of such sensitive data by reason of the fact that he communicated his sexual orientation to Meta at the time of his registration.
Schrems can no longer rely on the prohibition in principle laid down by the General GDPR on processing such sensitive data by reason of the fact that he disclosed the fact that he was homosexual at a public round table.
In this context, the Austrian Supreme Court asked the Court of Justice to interpret the GDPR (see also case C-498/16 and press release n. 7/18). With regard to the judgment of July 4, 2023, Meta Platforms and others (General terms and conditions of use of a social network) C-252/21 (see also press release n. 113/23, the Supreme Court withdrew some of its questions.
Freitag, 4. Oktober 2024
Urteil des Gerichtshofs in der Rechtssache C‑446/21 Schrems (Veröffentlichung von Daten)
Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten zwecks personalisierter Werbung
Maximilian Schrems macht vor den österreichischen Gerichten geltend, dass die Verarbeitung seiner personenbezogenen Daten durch Meta Platforms Ireland gegen die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung verstoße. Er habe in die Datenverarbeitung nicht eingewilligt und Meta könne sich nicht darauf berufen, dass die Verarbeitung seiner Daten für die Vertragserfüllung erforderlich sei. Herr Schrems rügt insbesondere die Verarbeitung sensibler Daten, nämlich zu seinen politischen Überzeugungen und seiner sexuellen Orientierung. Insoweit stellt sich die Frage, wann davon auszugehen ist, dass die betroffene Person solche Daten „offensichtlich öffentlich gemacht hat“, so dass ihre Verarbeitung ausnahmsweise zulässig ist.
Der mit dem Rechtsstreit befasste österreichische Oberste Gerichtshof (OGH) hat dem EuGH eine Reihe von Fragen zu den Voraussetzungen vorgelegt, unter denen nach der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung die Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten, darunter auch sensibler Daten, erlaubt ist.
Generalanwalt Rantos hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 25. April 2024 die Ansicht vertreten, dass die öffentliche Äußerung der eigenen sexuellen Orientierung durch den Nutzer eines sozialen Netzwerks dieses Datum „offensichtlich öffentlich“ mache, doch erlaube dies nicht dessen Verarbeitung zum Zweck der personalisierten Werbung (siehe Pressemitteilung Nr. 74/23).
Zur Erinnerung: Der OGH hatte in diesem Verfahren dem EuGH bereits zuvor Fragen zur Zuständigkeit der österreichischen Gerichte für die Klage von Herrn Schrems gegen Facebook (jetzt Meta) vorgelegt, siehe Pressemitteilung Nr. 7/18.
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