Monday, 29 July 2024
EU Judgment in Case C-14/23 Perle
(Area of freedom, security and justice – Immigration policy)
In August 2020, a Cameroonian national applied for a visa to study in Belgium. The Belgian government refused the application on the grounds that the applicant’s study plan was inconsistent. It considered that her application was in fact for purposes other than studying. The young woman contested this decision before the Aliens Litigation Council (Belgium), which subsequently rejected her appeal. In January 2021, she appealed to the Council of State (Belgium).
The Council of State asked the Court of Justice whether a Member State that intends to reject an application for a residence permit or ‘student’ visa on the basis of EU law, namely Directive (EU) 2016/801, is obliged to expressly provide for such an option in its domestic law, i.e. by having necessarily transposed the ground for refusal set out in the directive in question.
By the same token, it questions the Member States’ ability to verify the non-EU- country national’s desire and intention to pursue studies, to combat the risks of misuse of the residence permit or “student” visa.
Finally, the Council of State asked the Court about the procedural arrangements for appealing against a decision rejecting an application.
In this regard, the Cameroonian national referred to the fact that the Council for Alien Law Litigation could only annul a rejection decision, without being able to take a new decision: in her view, this lack of a power of reversal was contrary to EU law.
Montag, 29. Juli 2024
Urteil des Gerichtshofs in der Rechtssache C-14/23 Perle
Visum für Studienzwecke
Eine Kamerunerin beanstandet vor dem belgischen Staatsrat, dass ihr ein Studentenvisum für Belgien mit der Begründung verwehrt wurde, sie habe nicht wirklich die Absicht, dort zu studieren.
Sie macht u.a. geltend, die belgischen Behörden dürften dies gar nicht prüfen. Belgien habe nämlich die in der Richtlinie 2016/801 (über die Bedingungen für die Einreise und den Aufenthalt von Drittstaatsangehörigen u.a. zu Studienzwecken) vorgesehene Möglichkeit, einen Antrag abzulehnen, weil Beweise oder zumindest Anhaltspunkte dafür vorlägen, dass der oder die Antragstellende den Aufenthalt zu anderen Zwecken nutzen wolle, nicht ins belgische Recht umgesetzt. Die belgischen Behörden dürften sich daher nur vergewissern, dass die oder der Antragstellende an einer inländischen Hochschule angenommen worden sei.
Der Staatsrat ersucht den Gerichtshof vor diesem Hintergrund um Auslegung der Richtlinie.
Generalanwalt Richard de la Tour hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 16. November 2023 u.a. die Ansicht vertreten, dass nach der fraglichen Richtlinienbestimmung ein Studentenvisum nur verwehrt werden könne, wenn Beweise oder ernsthafte und sachliche Anhaltspunkte dafür vorliegen, dass der Aufenthalt weder dazu dienen noch vorrangig den Zweck verfolgen soll, als Haupttätigkeit ein Vollzeitstudienprogramm zu absolvieren, das zur Erlangung eines Hochschulabschlusses führt. Eine Umsetzung dieser Bestimmung ins innerstaatliche Recht bedürfe einer klaren Regelung.
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