Insight EU Climate Monitoring 6 February 2023

Feb 8, 2023 climate, EU

power plant, cooling tower, coal-fired power station

EU invests €2 billion of emissions trading revenues into clean energy infrastructure projects. Photo by denfran on Pixabay

CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change: What Think Tanks are thinking – EP – Research Service

CARBON MARKETS

PIK: Coal exit can happen only with stronger policies – and with China

CO2 STORAGE

Denmark: TotalEnergies Obtains Two CO2 Storage Licenses in the Danish North Sea

BIOMETHANE

EFET: Joint associations letter on the review of the GHG Protocol guidance for corporate biomethane use reporting

EFRAG BRIEFS

EFRAG Sustainability Reporting Board meeting 07 February 2023

GREEN DEAL

Vizekanzler Habeck und Frankreichs Wirtschaftsminister Le Maire werben bei US-Regierung für gemeinsame grüne Leitmärkte

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Insight EU Energy Monitoring 6 February 2023
Insight EU Environment Monitoring 6 February 2023

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EU COMMISSION PROPOSALS
CELEX:52024PC0410: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION establishing the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union in the Joint Committee established by the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community as regards the adoption of a decision adding two newly adopted Union acts to Annex 2 to the Windsor Framework Secretariat-General, European Commission
CELEX:52024PC0999: Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION setting out recommendations for remedial actions aimed at addressing the serious deficiencies identified in the 2024 Schengen evaluation of Hungary on the application of certain provisions of the Schengen acquis related to fundamental rights in the context of border management and return Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
CELEX:52024PC0421: Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION amending Implementing Decision (EU) (ST 10477/21 INIT; ST 10477/21 ADD 1) of 28 July 2021 on the approval of the assessment of the recovery and resilience plan for Lithuania European Commission, Secretariat-General
CELEX:52024PC0418: Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION amending Implementing Decision (EU) (ST 10149/21 INIT; ST 10149/21 ADD 1 REV 1) of 13 July 2021 on the approval of the assessment of the recovery and resilience plan for Portugal European Commission, Secretariat-General
CELEX:52024PC0275: Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
CELEX:52024PC0408: Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION on fixing the fishing opportunities for certain fish stocks and groups of fish stocks applicable in the Mediterranean and Black Seas for 2025 Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, European Commission
CELEX:52024PC0407: Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Regulation (EU) No 1026/2012 on certain measures for the purpose of the conservation of fish stocks in relation to countries allowing non-sustainable fishing European Commission, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
CELEX:52024PC0403: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union on the review of limits of liability conducted by the ICAO under Article 24 of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air (the Montreal Convention) European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport
CELEX:52024PC0399: Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION amending Decision 2009/791/EC authorising the Federal Republic of Germany to continue to apply a measure derogating from Articles 168 and 168a of Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax European Commission, Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union
CELEX:52024PC0398: Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION amending Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1994 authorising Croatia to introduce a special measure derogating from point (a) of Article 26(1) and Articles 168 and 168a of Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission
EU LEGISLATION
CELEX:32019L0879R(06) 17/09/2024 Council of the European Union, European Parliament,
CELEX:32015D0799R(01) 17/09/2024 Council of the European Union
CELEX:32024L1233R(01) 16/09/2024 European Parliament, Council of the European Union,
CELEX:32022R2560R(02): Corrigendum to Regulation (EU) 2022/2560 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market (OJ L 330, 23.12.2022) 16/09/2024 European Parliament, Council of the European Union,
CELEX:32023R0606R(01): Corrigendum to Regulation 2023/606 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2023 as regards the requirements pertaining to the investment policies and operating conditions of European long-term investment funds and the scope of eligible investment assets, the portfolio composition and diversification requirements and the borrowing of cash and other fund rules (OJ L 80, 20.3.2023) 16/09/2024 European Parliament, Council of the European Union,
CELEX:32024D05523: Council Decision of 13 September 2024 adopting the Council's position on the draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 16/09/2024 Council of the European Union
CELEX:32024D05532: Council Decision of 13 September 2024 adopting the Council’s position on draft amending budget No 2 of the European Union for the financial year 2024 16/09/2024 Council of the European Union
CELEX:32024L1760R(01):           Rectificatif à la directive (UE) 2024/1760 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 13 juin 2024 sur le devoir de vigilance des entreprises en matière de durabilité et modifiant la directive (UE) 2019/1937 et le règlement (UE) 2023/2859 (JO L, 2024/1760, 5.7.2024) 12/09/2024 Council of the European Union, European Parliament,
CELEX:32024D2153: Council Decision (EU) 2024/2153 of 4 March 2024 on the signing, on behalf of the Union, and provisional application of the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part 12/09/2024 Council of the European Union
CELEX:32024R2455: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2455 of 12 September 2024 implementing Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine 12/09/2024 Council of the European Union
EU CASE LAW
CELEX:62023CJ0236:           Arrêt de la Cour (première chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#Mutuelle assurance des travailleurs mutualistes (Matmut) contre TN e.a.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Assurance obligatoire de la responsabilité civile résultant de la circulation des véhicules automoteurs – Directive 2009/103/CE – Articles 3 et 13 – Contrat d’assurance conclu sur la base d’une fausse déclaration intentionnelle concernant le conducteur habituel – Réglementation nationale déclarant l’opposabilité au “passager victime”, qui est également le preneur d’assurance, de la nullité du contrat d’assurance résultant d’une fausse déclaration intentionnelle faite par ce dernier au moment de la conclusion du contrat – Abus de droit – Recours dirigé contre le preneur d’assurance en vue d’engager sa responsabilité en raison de sa fausse déclaration intentionnelle.#Affaire C-236/23. Court of Justice
CELEX:62022CJ0555: Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 September 2024.#United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and ITV plc v European Commission.#Appeal – State aid – Aid scheme implemented by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in favour of certain multinational groups – Taxation of the non-trading finance profits of controlled foreign companies (CFCs) – Exemptions – Significant people functions – Artificial diversion of profits – Erosion of the tax base – Decision declaring the aid scheme incompatible with the internal market and ordering the recovery of the aid paid – Reference framework – Applicable national law – ‘Normal’ taxation.#Joined Cases C-555/22 P and C-556/22 P. Court of Justice
CELEX:62023CJ0264:           Arrêt de la Cour (deuxième chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#Booking.com BV et Booking.com (Deutschland) GmbH contre 25hours Hotel Company Berlin GmbH e.a.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Concurrence – Article 101 TFUE – Accords entre entreprises – Contrats conclus entre une plateforme de réservation en ligne et des hôteliers – Clauses de parité tarifaire – Restriction accessoire – Exemption par catégorie – Accords verticaux – Règlement (UE) no 330/2010 – Article 3, paragraphe 1 – Définition du marché pertinent.#Affaire C-264/23. Court of Justice
CELEX:62022CJ0555_RES: Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 September 2024.#United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and ITV plc v European Commission.#Appeal – State aid – Aid scheme implemented by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in favour of certain multinational groups – Taxation of the non-trading finance profits of controlled foreign companies (CFCs) – Exemptions – Significant people functions – Artificial diversion of profits – Erosion of the tax base – Decision declaring the aid scheme incompatible with the internal market and ordering the recovery of the aid paid – Reference framework – Applicable national law – ‘Normal’ taxation.#Joined Cases C-555/22 P and C-556/22 P. Court of Justice
CELEX:62023CJ0264_RES:           Arrêt de la Cour (deuxième chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#Booking.com BV et Booking.com (Deutschland) GmbH contre 25hours Hotel Company Berlin GmbH e.a.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Concurrence – Article 101 TFUE – Accords entre entreprises – Contrats conclus entre une plateforme de réservation en ligne et des hôteliers – Clauses de parité tarifaire – Restriction accessoire – Exemption par catégorie – Accords verticaux – Règlement (UE) no 330/2010 – Article 3, paragraphe 1 – Définition du marché pertinent.#Affaire C-264/23. Court of Justice
CELEX:62023CJ0412:           Arrêt de la Cour (huitième chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#Commission européenne contre République slovaque.#Manquement d’État – Directive 2011/7/UE – Lutte contre le retard de paiement dans les transactions commerciales – Article 4, paragraphe 4, sous b) – Transactions commerciales entre entreprises et pouvoirs publics – Faculté reconnue aux États membres de prolonger jusqu’à un maximum de 60 jours civils le délai de paiement imparti aux entités publiques dispensant des soins de santé – Obligation pour les États membres de veiller à ce que ces entités publiques n’excèdent effectivement pas ce délai.#Affaire C-412/23. Court of Justice
CELEX:62023CJ0236_RES:           Arrêt de la Cour (première chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#Mutuelle assurance des travailleurs mutualistes (Matmut) contre TN e.a.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Assurance obligatoire de la responsabilité civile résultant de la circulation des véhicules automoteurs – Directive 2009/103/CE – Articles 3 et 13 – Contrat d’assurance conclu sur la base d’une fausse déclaration intentionnelle concernant le conducteur habituel – Réglementation nationale déclarant l’opposabilité au “passager victime”, qui est également le preneur d’assurance, de la nullité du contrat d’assurance résultant d’une fausse déclaration intentionnelle faite par ce dernier au moment de la conclusion du contrat – Abus de droit – Recours dirigé contre le preneur d’assurance en vue d’engager sa responsabilité en raison de sa fausse déclaration intentionnelle.#Affaire C-236/23. Court of Justice
CELEX:62020CJ0725:           Arrêt de la Cour (quatrième chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#Maria Teresa Coppo Gavazzi e.a. contre Parlement européen.#Pourvoi – Droit institutionnel – Statut unique du député européen – Députés européens élus dans des circonscriptions italiennes – Adoption d’une décision en matière de pensions par la chambre des députés italienne – Modification du montant des pensions des députés nationaux italiens – Modification corrélative, par le Parlement européen, du montant des pensions de certains anciens députés européens élus en Italie – Remplacement des décisions du Parlement – Persistance de l’intérêt à agir en annulation de l’arrêt du Tribunal de l’Union européenne.#Affaire C-725/20 P. Court of Justice
CELEX:62023CJ0439:           Arrêt de la Cour (sixième chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#KV contre Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Politique sociale – Directive 1999/70/CE – Accord-cadre CES, UNICE et CEEP sur le travail à durée déterminée – Clause 4 – Principe de non-discrimination – Recrutement d’un travailleur employé à durée déterminée en tant que travailleur à durée indéterminée – Détermination de l’ancienneté – Absence de prise en compte des périodes d’emploi accomplies dans le cadre de contrats de travail à durée déterminée conclus avant l’expiration du délai de transposition de la directive 1999/70 – Application immédiate aux effets futurs d’une situation née sous l’empire de la loi ancienne.#Affaire C-439/23. Court of Justice
CELEX:62023CJ0501:           Arrêt de la Cour (huitième chambre) du 19 septembre 2024.#DL contre Land Berlin.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Coopération judiciaire en matière civile – Procédures d’insolvabilité – Règlement (UE) 2015/848 – Article 3 – Compétence internationale – Centre des intérêts principaux d’une personne physique exerçant une activité d’indépendant – Notion de “lieu d’activité principal” – Notion d’“établissement” – Président du conseil de surveillance d’une société anonyme.#Affaire C-501/23. Court of Justice
OFFICIAL JOURNAL L
CELEX:32024D2488: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/2488 of 11 September 2024 on the request for registration, pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/788 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of the European citizens’ initiative entitled PsychedeliCare (notified under document C(2024) 6086) 18/09/2024 European Commission, Secretariat-General
CELEX:32024D2489: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/2489 of 11 September 2024 on the request for registration, pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/788 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of the European citizens’ initiative entitled ECI for a Water-Smart and Resilient Europe (notified under document C(2024) 6087) 18/09/2024 European Commission, Secretariat-General
CELEX:32024D2486: Decision (EU) 2024/2486 of the European Central Bank of 10 September 2024 amending Decision (EU) 2023/2684 on the approval of the volume of coin issuance in 2024 (ECB/2023/28) (ECB/2024/24) 18/09/2024 European Central Bank
CELEX:32019L0879R(06) 17/09/2024 Council of the European Union, European Parliament,
CELEX:32015D0799R(01) 17/09/2024 Council of the European Union
CELEX:32024R2461: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2461 of 17 September 2024 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1618 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of tungsten carbide, fused tungsten carbide and tungsten carbide simply mixed with metallic powder originating in the People’s Republic of China, and subjecting imports of non-agglomerated tungsten carbides mixed together or with metallic binders originating in the People’s Republic of China to surveillance 17/09/2024 Directorate-General for Trade, European Commission
CELEX:32024R2491: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2491 of 16 September 2024 amending Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/594 laying down special control measures for African swine fever 17/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety
CELEX:32024D2418: Commission Decision (EU) 2024/2418 of 11 December 2023 on the measure State aid SA.53625 (2021/C) implemented by Germany for Lignite phase-out (notified under document C(2023) 8551) 16/09/2024 Directorate-General for Competition, European Commission
CELEX:32024D2460: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/2460 of 16 September 2024 postponing the expiry date of the approval of metofluthrin for use in biocidal products of product-type 18 in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council 16/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety
CELEX:32024R2426: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2426 of 16 September 2024 granting a Union authorisation for the single biocidal product Nordkalk SL in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council 16/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety
OFFICIAL JOURNAL C
CELEX:E2023J0008: Judgment of the Court of 13 May 2024 in Case E-8/23 – Trannel International Limited v Staten v/Kultur- og likestillingsdepartementet (the Norwegian State, represented by the Ministry of Culture and Equality) (Directive 2014/23/EU – Article 5(1)(b) – Exclusive right – Horse race betting – Services concessions – Contract for pecuniary interest – Administrative authorisation) 18/09/2024 EFTA Court
CELEX:52024XC05580: Update of the list of residence permits referred to in Article 2(16) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code) 18/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs
CELEX:52024M11655(01): Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case M.11655 – WENDEL / PEP / GLOBEDUCATE) 18/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Competition
CELEX:52024AS110687: Authorisation for State aid pursuant to Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union – Cases where the Commission raises no objections – SA.110687 18/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Competition
CELEX:C/2024/05027: Euro exchange rates – 18 September 2024 18/09/2024 European Commission
CELEX:E2023J0007: Judgment of the Court of 13 May 2024 in Case E-7/23 – ExxonMobil Holding Norway AS v Staten v/ Skatteetaten (the Norwegian State, represented by the Tax Administration) (Freedom of establishment – Articles 31 and 34 EEA – Balanced allocation of taxation powers – Concept of final losses – Deduction of losses of a non-resident subsidiary –Even minimal income) 18/09/2024 EFTA Court
CELEX:52024M11683: Prior notification of a concentration (Case M.11683 – TURNER / DORNAN) – Candidate case for simplified procedure 18/09/2024 Directorate-General for Competition, European Commission
CELEX:52024M11279: Prior notification of a concentration (Case M.11279 – CTS EVENTIM / FNAC DARTY / FRANCE BILLET) 18/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Competition
CELEX:52024M11641(01): Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case M.11641 – KKR / SUPERSTRUCT) 18/09/2024 European Commission, Directorate-General for Competition
CELEX:52024AS113580: Authorisation for State aid pursuant to Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union – Cases where the Commission raises no objections – SA.113580 18/09/2024 Directorate-General for Competition, European Commission
OFFICIAL JOURNAL L – FULL EDITION
OJ:L:2023:242:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 242, 29 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:241:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 241, 29 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:239:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 239, 28 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:240:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 240, 28 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:238:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 238, 27 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:236:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 236, 26 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:237:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 237, 26 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:235:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 235, 25 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:234:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 234, 22 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:233:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 233, 21 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:232:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 232, 20 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:231:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 231, 20 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:230:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 230, 19 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:229:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 229, 18 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:228:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 228, 15 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:228I:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 228I, 15 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:227:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 227, 14 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:226:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 226, 14 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:225:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 225, 13 September 2023 European Union
OJ:L:2023:224:FULL: Official Journal of the European Union, L 224, 12 September 2023 European Union

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Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers, randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes presented here.

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Most purposes explained in this notice rely on the storage or accessing of information from your device when you use an app or visit a website. For example, a vendor or publisher might need to store a cookie on your device during your first visit on a website, to be able to recognise your device during your next visits (by accessing this cookie each time).

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Use limited data to select advertising
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2

Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).

Illustrations

A car manufacturer wants to promote its electric vehicles to environmentally conscious users living in the city after office hours. The advertising is presented on a page with related content (such as an article on climate change actions) after 6:30 p.m. to users whose non-precise location suggests that they are in an urban zone.

A large producer of watercolour paints wants to carry out an online advertising campaign for its latest watercolour range, diversifying its audience to reach as many amateur and professional artists as possible and avoiding showing the ad next to mismatched content (for instance, articles about how to paint your house). The number of times that the ad has been presented to you is detected and limited, to avoid presenting it too often.

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Create profiles for personalised advertising
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Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.

Illustrations

If you read several articles about the best bike accessories to buy, this information could be used to create a profile about your interest in bike accessories. Such a profile may be used or improved later on, on the same or a different website or app to present you with advertising for a particular bike accessory brand. If you also look at a configurator for a vehicle on a luxury car manufacturer website, this information could be combined with your interest in bikes to refine your profile and make an assumption that you are interested in luxury cycling gear.

An apparel company wishes to promote its new line of high-end baby clothes. It gets in touch with an agency that has a network of clients with high income customers (such as high-end supermarkets) and asks the agency to create profiles of young parents or couples who can be assumed to be wealthy and to have a new child, so that these can later be used to present advertising within partner apps based on those profiles.

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Use profiles to select personalised advertising
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Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects.

Illustrations

An online retailer wants to advertise a limited sale on running shoes. It wants to target advertising to users who previously looked at running shoes on its mobile app. Tracking technologies might be used to recognise that you have previously used the mobile app to consult running shoes, in order to present you with the corresponding advertisement on the app.

A profile created for personalised advertising in relation to a person having searched for bike accessories on a website can be used to present the relevant advertisement for bike accessories on a mobile app of another organisation.

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Create profiles to personalise content
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Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.

Illustrations

You read several articles on how to build a treehouse on a social media platform. This information might be added to a profile to mark your interest in content related to outdoors as well as do-it-yourself guides (with the objective of allowing the personalisation of content, so that for example you are presented with more blog posts and articles on treehouses and wood cabins in the future).

You have viewed three videos on space exploration across different TV apps. An unrelated news platform with which you have had no contact builds a profile based on that viewing behaviour, marking space exploration as a topic of possible interest for other videos.

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Use profiles to select personalised content
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Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.

Illustrations

You read articles on vegetarian food on a social media platform and then use the cooking app of an unrelated company. The profile built about you on the social media platform will be used to present you vegetarian recipes on the welcome screen of the cooking app.

You have viewed three videos about rowing across different websites. An unrelated video sharing platform will recommend five other videos on rowing that may be of interest to you when you use your TV app, based on a profile built about you when you visited those different websites to watch online videos.

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Measure advertising performance
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Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.

Illustrations

You have clicked on an advertisement about a “black Friday” discount by an online shop on the website of a publisher and purchased a product. Your click will be linked to this purchase. Your interaction and that of other users will be measured to know how many clicks on the ad led to a purchase.

You are one of very few to have clicked on an advertisement about an “international appreciation day” discount by an online gift shop within the app of a publisher. The publisher wants to have reports to understand how often a specific ad placement within the app, and notably the “international appreciation day” ad, has been viewed or clicked by you and other users, in order to help the publisher and its partners (such as agencies) optimise ad placements.

Number of Vendors seeking consent or relying on legitimate interest:

Measure content performance
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Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.

Illustrations

You have read a blog post about hiking on a mobile app of a publisher and followed a link to a recommended and related post. Your interactions will be recorded as showing that the initial hiking post was useful to you and that it was successful in interesting you in the related post. This will be measured to know whether to produce more posts on hiking in the future and where to place them on the home screen of the mobile app.

You were presented a video on fashion trends, but you and several other users stopped watching after 30 seconds. This information is then used to evaluate the right length of future videos on fashion trends.

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Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources
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Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).

Illustrations

The owner of an online bookstore wants commercial reporting showing the proportion of visitors who consulted and left its site without buying, or consulted and bought the last celebrity autobiography of the month, as well as the average age and the male/female distribution of each category. Data relating to your navigation on its site and to your personal characteristics is then used and combined with other such data to produce these statistics.

An advertiser wants to better understand the type of audience interacting with its adverts. It calls upon a research institute to compare the characteristics of users who interacted with the ad with typical attributes of users of similar platforms, across different devices. This comparison reveals to the advertiser that its ad audience is mainly accessing the adverts through mobile devices and is likely in the 45-60 age range.

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Develop and improve services
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Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.

Illustrations

A technology platform working with a social media provider notices a growth in mobile app users, and sees based on their profiles that many of them are connecting through mobile connections. It uses a new technology to deliver ads that are formatted for mobile devices and that are low-bandwidth, to improve their performance.

An advertiser is looking for a way to display ads on a new type of consumer device. It collects information regarding the way users interact with this new kind of device to determine whether it can build a new mechanism for displaying advertising on this type of device.

Number of Vendors seeking consent or relying on legitimate interest:

Use limited data to select content
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11

Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).

Illustrations

A travel magazine has published an article on its website about the new online courses proposed by a language school, to improve travelling experiences abroad. The school’s blog posts are inserted directly at the bottom of the page, and selected on the basis of your non-precise location (for instance, blog posts explaining the course curriculum for different languages than the language of the country you are situated in).

A sports news mobile app has started a new section of articles covering the most recent football games. Each article includes videos hosted by a separate streaming platform showcasing the highlights of each match. If you fast-forward a video, this information may be used to select a shorter video to play next.

Number of Vendors seeking consent or relying on legitimate interest:

Special purposes

Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors

Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.

Illustrations

An advertising intermediary delivers ads from various advertisers to its network of partnering websites. It notices a large increase in clicks on ads relating to one advertiser, and uses data regarding the source of the clicks to determine that 80% of the clicks come from bots rather than humans.

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Deliver and present advertising and content

Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.

Illustrations

Clicking on a link in an article might normally send you to another page or part of the article. To achieve this, 1°) your browser sends a request to a server linked to the website, 2°) the server answers back (“here is the article you asked for”), using technical information automatically included in the request sent by your device, to properly display the information / images that are part of the article you asked for. Technically, such exchange of information is necessary to deliver the content that appears on your screen.

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Save and communicate privacy choices

The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.

Illustrations

When you visit a website and are offered a choice between consenting to the use of profiles for personalised advertising or not consenting, the choice you make is saved and made available to advertising providers, so that advertising presented to you respects that choice.

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Features

Match and combine data from other data sources

Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.

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Link different devices

In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).

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Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically

Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.

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Special Features
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Use precise geolocation data
1

With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.

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Actively scan device characteristics for identification
2

With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.

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Third Party Vendors
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Google Ad Tech Providers
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