Thursday 13th March 2025
(Principles, objectives and tasks of the Treaties – Data protection)
A person of Iranian nationality was granted refugee status in Hungary on the basis of his trans-identity in 2014. However, he was registered in the register kept by the asylum authority according to his birth gender.
In 2022, he submitted an application to this authority seeking to rectify the reference to his gender as male and to change his first name on the basis of the GDPR. He relied on the same medical attestations drawn up by specialists in psychiatry and gynaecology, but his application was rejected on the grounds that he had not proved that he had undergone gender reassignment surgery and that the attestations provided only established his trans-identity.
The citizen concerned brought an action for annulment of that decision before the Fővárosi Törvényszék (Budapest-Capital Court, Hungary). This court is asking the Court of Justice whether the asylum authority is obliged to rectify the gender data in the asylum register on the basis of the GDPR and, if so, what would be the evidence that the person concerned would have to provide in support of their claim.
The referring court adds that, as the Hungarian Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights have already ruled, Hungarian law does not provide for a procedure for the legal recognition of a change of gender identity for refugees and since 2020 the possibility of such recognition has ceased to exist for Hungarian nationals as well.
Donnerstag, 13. März 2025
Berichtigung unrichtiger personenbezogener Daten – Geschlecht eines Transgender‑Flüchtlings
Eine Person iranischer Staatsangehörigkeit, die „als Frau geboren“ wurde, sich aber stets als männlich identifiziert habe, wurde in Ungarn als Flüchtling anerkannt. Grund für die Anerkennung als Flüchtling war offenbar ihre Transsexualität. Im Flüchtlingsregister wurde sie jedoch als weiblich eingetragen.
Die betroffene Person beanstandet vor einem ungarischen Gericht die Ablehnung der zuständigen ungarischen Behörde, im Flüchtlingsregister ihr Geschlecht von weiblich zu männlich zu ändern.
Das ungarische Gericht hat den Gerichtshof in diesem Zusammenhang um Auslegung der Datenschutzgrundverordnung 2016/679 ersucht.
Generalanwalt Collins hat in seinen Schlussanträgen vom 12. September 2024 die Ansicht vertreten, dass eine nationale Behörde, die ein Flüchtlingsregister führt, auf Antrag verpflichtet sei, personenbezogene Daten über das Geschlecht eines Flüchtlings zu berichtigen, die diese Behörde zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Eintragung in das Register fehlerhaft registriert hatte. Die Behörde könne von einer Person, die die Berichtigung von Daten beantragt, die Vorlage von Nachweisen verlangen, um die Unrichtigkeit dieser Daten im Hinblick auf die Zwecke, für die sie erhoben oder verarbeitet wurden, nachzuweisen. Diese Person könne aber nicht verpflichtet werden, Nachweise dafür vorzulegen, dass sie sich einer geschlechtsangleichenden Operation unterzogen habe.
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