Brussels, 25 April 2025
The Commission adopted today its second Digital Markets Act (‘DMA’) annual report.
The report describes the measures taken from January to December 2024 to ensure effective enforcement of the DMA and achieving fairness and contestability in the internal market’s digital sector.
These measures include the adoption of further designation decisions, regulatory dialogues with gatekeepers and third parties on improving compliance solutions, as well as the opening of specification proceedings and non-compliance investigations against gatekeepers, where this was necessary.
In addition, the report gives an overview of the information provided by gatekeepers on their intended concentrations and on their audited description of consumer profiling techniques.
The report also describes the cooperation and coordination between the Commission and national authorities to ensure coherent, effective and complementary enforcement.
Finally, the report summarises the activities performed in 2024 by the High-Level Group on Digital Markets, which is composed of the European bodies and networks identified in the DMA.
The report is available online.
Introduction and Context
The 2024 annual report provides a comprehensive overview of the European Commission’s activities under the Digital Markets Act (DMA), covering the progress towards achieving contestable and fair markets in the digital sector. In this second year of implementation, the focus shifted from initial designations of gatekeepers to active enforcement, compliance, and stakeholder engagement. The report addresses the Commission’s work with digital platforms, regulatory dialogue, investigations into compliance, and the further designation of core platform services and gatekeepers.
Gatekeeper Designations and Market Investigations
Building on the first year, which saw Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, and Microsoft designated as gatekeepers, 2024 marked significant developments. Booking.com was newly designated as a gatekeeper for online intermediation, and Apple’s iPadOS was added as a core platform service. Several market investigations were concluded, notably into ByteDance, Apple, Microsoft, and X (Twitter), leading to the acceptance of rebuttals in some cases and the expansion or clarification of gatekeeper obligations in others.
Enforcement and Non-Compliance Investigations
March 2024 was a major milestone, as the DMA’s compliance deadline for most gatekeepers took effect. The Commission entered the active enforcement phase, launching non-compliance investigations into Alphabet, Apple, and Meta, with preliminary findings issued in two cases. Investigative steps regarding Amazon and specific proceedings on Apple’s interoperability obligations were also initiated, accompanied by requests for third-party feedback and public consultation.
Stakeholder Engagement and Regulatory Dialogue
The Commission emphasized dialogue and cooperation with a broad spectrum of stakeholders—including gatekeepers, business users, developers, challengers, trade associations, civil society, and consumer representatives. Numerous workshops and compliance meetings were organized, and three thematic subgroups were established by the High-Level Group for the DMA, focusing on data, interoperability, and AI. These measures aimed to strengthen cooperation among European regulators and enhance transparency around DMA enforcement.
Judicial Proceedings and Public Transparency
The report notes ongoing judicial reviews, including actions by ByteDance, Meta, and Apple challenging their designations, as well as litigation by third parties. The Commission maintains a dedicated DMA website, regularly updates Q&As, and launched a DMA whistleblower tool in 2024 to facilitate confidential reporting of non-compliance. Public engagement, transparency, and external expertise have been critical to supporting the DMA’s objectives.
Monitoring Gatekeeper Compliance
Monitoring gatekeeper compliance is now a central activity, with the Commission overseeing implementation of DMA obligations, reviewing submitted compliance reports, and tracking the evolution of core platform services. This includes continuous dialogue, additional studies and consultancy contracts, and an emphasis on evidence-based evaluation of gatekeeper behavior. The Commission is also attentive to market trends and technological developments that may affect contestability and fairness in the digital economy.
Outlook and Ongoing Priorities
The report concludes by affirming the Commission’s commitment to assertive enforcement of the DMA, continued regulatory dialogue, and ongoing adaptation of investigatory tools. The evolving digital landscape will require further cooperation with national and EU authorities, engagement with global regulatory initiatives, and agile responses to legal, technical, and market changes. The Commission will continue to ensure that digital markets remain open, contestable, and fair, with the DMA serving as a cornerstone for digital regulation in the EU.
E-Summary by ChatGPT, prompted by Insight EU
Read the full report
Download the DMA Annual Report 2024
Article 35 DMA requires the Commission to submit an annual report on the implementation of the DMA and the progress made towards achieving its objectives. The 2024 annual report gives an overview of the measures to ensure effective enforcement of the DMA, including new designation decisions and non-compliance investigations.
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